Life Functions Common to Living Things

1. Transportation: moving the organism, it’s parts or internal material 2. Nutrition: producing or getting food 3. Reproduction: making new cells or organisms 4. Regulations: responding to changes in the surroundings 5. Metabolism: breathing, digesting, eliminating waste 6. Synthesis: directing cell activities to create needed substances

 Certain cells are designed for different jobs/roles  Nerve cells conduct impulses to the brain and spinal cord  Muscle cells contract  Blood cells carry oxygen

 Plants makes food during photosynthesis  Plants use energy from the sun, along with carbon dioxide and water to make glucose (sugar) and oxygen carbon dioxide + water + sunlight (energy) → glucose +oxygen

 Energy stored in food is used by the mitochondria and changed to a form of energy that the cell can use to grow and do work  Half the energy stored in glucose is released as thermal energy (heat)  The process requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

 Photosynthesis stores energy  Cellular respiration releases energy  Maybe you noticed already but the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other  They are closely connected in a cycle

 Digestive System ◦ Breaks down and digests food ◦ Rids the body of solid wastes ◦ Parts include: teeth, stomach, large intestine  Nervous System ◦ Provides a communication network ◦ Regulates life functions ◦ Parts include: brain, spinal cord, nerves

 Circulatory System ◦ Blood transports food molecules, oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes ◦ Parts include: heart, veins arteries  Urinary System ◦ Kidney filters blood that has collected wastes from cells and then transports these wastes to the urinary bladder ◦ Urinary bladder holds waster until they’re excreted ◦ Parts include: kidney, ureter and urinary bladder

 Blood pressure cuff: used to check blood pressure  Stethoscope: used to check heart rate  X-ray: shows damage to bone, can go through soft tissue like skin and muscles

 CAT scan: an x-ray of the brain to check for swelling or internal bleeding  EKG (Electrocardiography): diagnosis heart disorders, show heartbeat pattern  EEG: shows brain activity  Endoscope: allows doctors to see inside hollow organs like the stomach to check for problems

 Blood is pumped through the body by the heart  You can feel this pulse with your fingers, it will tell you have fast your heart is beating  A sphygmomanometer measures bp  It gives you two numbers, the top number should be around 120 and is referred to systolic blood pressure, it is from when your heart contracts to move the blood  Diastolic is the other number, it is usually around 80 and is when the heart relaxes