Comparisons for Functionally Equivalent Products in “Green” Comparisons for Functionally Equivalent Products in Federal Supply Catalogs George R. Thompson, Ph.D. Chemical Compliance Systems, Inc. Lake Hopatcong, NJ 12TH Annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference Washington, DC June 23-27, 2008 Mr. Raymond Paulson Fleet Readiness Center Southwest North Island San Diego, CA

Federal Government Terminology Transition “Environmentally Preferable” to “Green” to “Sustainable” 1993 Executive Order 12873 2000 Executive Order 13148 “ ‘Environmentally preferable’ means products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose.” Implement environmental management systems by 12/31/05 2004 Joint Group on Environmental Attributes — November Meeting Minutes Change DLIS-maintained Web site from Environmentally Preferred Purchasing (EPP) to Green Procurement Program (GPP) 1995 EPA Environmentally Preferable Products — Proposed Guidelines “ seven (7) general guiding principles designed to... identifying and purchasing EPPs.” 2004 DOD Green Procurement Program (GPP) Framework selected: an environmental management system 1998 Executive Order 13101 EPPs re-defined (as above) “ ‘Biobased’ means a commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that utilizes biological products or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal and marine) or forestry materials.” 2007 Executive Order 13423 “ ‘Sustainable’ means to create and maintain conditions, under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans”

Executive Order 13423 Partial Summary Chemical Products/Processes Goals Sustainable Practices d) acquired goods: i) use sustainable environmental practices biobased environmentally preferable recycled-content i) reduced greenhouse gases,  energy renewable energy water conservations acquisition pollution & waste prevention, recycling  toxic chemical acquisition & use e) agencies: i)  toxic materials acquired used disposed ii) waste prevention & recycling programs “ . . . create and maintain conditions, under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans”

“Go Environmental” — GSA Criteria Bio-Based CA Air Quality Compliant Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Compliant (EPA) Energy Star Complaint Environmentally Friendly EPEAT (Electronic) Environmental Criteria (51) Environmental Technology Verification Federal Energy Management Program (EMP) Efficient Green Seal of Approval National Emissions Standards for HAPs Compliant Non-Toxic Item PRIME Item Recycled Content Significant New Alternatives Program (S.N.A.P.) Approved (EPA)

DLA Chaired Joint Group on Environmental Attributes Asbestos Alternative Products Washers, Gaskets, Clamps, Insulators Lighting, Food Equipment, Industrial Equipment, Residential Equipment, Plumbing Energy Efficient Products (FEMP) Low Standby Power Products (FEMP) Audio/Video, Office, Major Appliances Equipment, HVAC, Electronics, Office, Lighting, Food Energy Star Products (FEMP) Low VOC Products (California) Paints, Solvents, Coatings, Inks EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG) Recycled Content Guidelines Construction, Landscaping, Office (nonpaper), Paper, Transportation EPA Water Conserving Products Plumbing EPEAT (Electronic Products)

Environmentally Preferable Products EPA-Defined Environmental Performance Characteristicsa Human Health Hazards Acute/Chronic Immunologic Neurotoxic Carcinogenic Sensitizer Reproductive Irritant Ecologic Hazards Aquatic—Avian—Terrestrial Species Product Hazards Corrosivity, Flammability, Reactivity 1. MATERIALS HAZARD FACTORS 2. HUMAN HEALTH & ECOLOGICAL STRESSORS Bioaccumulative Ozone Depleting Chemical Releases (TRI) Air Releases (VOCs) Global Warming Gases Environmentally Preferable Products (EPPS) 4. NATURAL RESOURCES USE 3. POSITIVE ATTRIBUTES Ecosystem Impact Energy Consumption Water Consumption Resource Consumption Non-renewable Renewable Rapidly Renewable Recyclability Reusability Durability Lifecycle Stages a From: Federal Register, Vol. 60, No. 189, Appendix B1

The CCS Relational Chemical and Product Database (R–CPD) CENTRALIZED DATABASE 1 Cross-Reference Dictionary Chemical Compound Dictionary Chemical Alternatives Toxicology Data Holistic Hazard Ratings Personal Protective Equipment SAF-T-LABEL© Safe Storage Codes Safe Disposal Codes Alloy Constituents Emergency Response Elemental Composition Incompatibilities Physical/Chemical Parameters 7 Munitions Characterization—MIDAS Demil Processes Constituent Chemicals Chemicals Released Green Criteria Insensitive Criteria Corrosive Criteria Packaging Criteria Transportation/Storage Factors Reliability Factors Hazardous Waste Forms Regulations 6 13 Endpoint Criteria Biomass Score Regulatory Score Economic Score 1 Chemicals 2 Alternative Chemicals 2 39 Generic Categories, e.g., Solvents Reducing Agents Acids Surfactants Bases Binders Oxidizers Alloys Antioxidants Metal Compounds 80 Subcategories 3 Commercial Products 8/9 Properties Toxicology Data Hazard Issues Incompatibilities Storage Recommendations TICs/TIMs 4 Green Criteria 3 Product Descriptions Product Components MSDS Images MSDS Index Generic Categories Manufacturers User Director Processes Green Ratings Corrosive Ratings Biobased Ratings 10 20+ Agents Disease Descriptors Pathogenesis Prophylaxis Emergency Response Decontamination Treatment 5 Security Factors 6 Biobased Ratings 11 Generic Families Properties Effects & Actions Storage & Security Diagnosis & Treatment Decontamination Emergency Response 7 Munitions – MIDAS 4 43 Endpoint Criteria Ecological—Air, Water, Soil Health—Acute, Chronic Safety—Fire, Reactivity, Special Chemical-based Objective & Quantitative 8 Chemical Agents 9 Agent Simulants 5 Chemical Security Risk List Precursor Chemical Security Risk List Theft & Population Risks Accessibility Factors 12 >650 Total Regulations Local State Federal International Non-government Corporate or Trade Association 10 Bioterrorism Agents 11 Radioisotopes 12 Regulations

GP–CAS “Green” Scoring Process Significance of each sub-score can be individually weighted “Endpoint” Criteria ECOLOGICAL SCORE (0-100%) __% A.W. Persistence Exposure Toxicity Long-Term Effects TOXICITY - AIR (V.P.  LC50)  BCF Water Score Air Score Soil Score Persistence Exposure Toxicity Long-Term Effects LONG-TERM EFFECTS - AIR Global Warming Potential Ozone-Depleting Potential Smog Acidification FINAL GREEN GRADE (0 - 100%) Persistence Exposure Toxicity Long-Term Effects Oral LD50 Dermal LD50 IDLH STEL/Ceiling Inhalation LC50 Skin Irritation Eye Irritation Odor Threshold Value TOXICITY-WATER Fish LC50 Daphae LC50 Green Algae EC50 (Solubility  W-LC50)  BCF HEALTH SCORE (0-100%) __% A.W. Acute Health Score LONG-TERM EFFECTS - WATER Eutrophication Theoretical Oxygen Demand Reproductive Effects Carcinogenicity RfC RfD Radioactivity Sensitizer Neurotoxicity TLV Chronic Health Score TOXICITY - SOIL (Koc  O-LD50)  BCF 14-day Worm LC50 SAFETY SCORE (0-100%) __% A.W. LONG-TERM EFFECTS - SOIL Groundwater Mobility Factor CERCLA RQ Fire Score Special Score Reactivity Score Flammability Radioactivity Oxidizer Water-Reactive Corrosive FLAMMABILITY Flash Point Boiling Point Explosivity

“Green” Product Assessment Parameters NSNs = Functionally equivalent products 5 NSNs Selected from USN Facility Inventory 7917 Sealants [A] 3 Products 6050 Varnish, Fungus Resistant 3 Products 2487 Spray Lacquer 9 Products 4597 Sealants [B] 10 Products 6890 Spray Adhesive 10 Products 35 Products GP–CAS “Green” Scoring Criteria

Summarized “Green” Comparison for Five N.I. NSNs LOLs Constituents NSN Product Type No. of Products Green Grades Noteworthy Low Scores Unique Total No. Total % – 2487 Lacquer 9 75–79 (4)a Fire 15–46 (9) Chronic Health 61–66 (4) Eco – Water 62 (1) 8–9 16–63 3–11 84–110 – 6950 FR Varnish 3 79–90 (11) Fire 18–55 (3) 7–9 12–2 7 52–173 – 4597 Sealant 10 87–100 (13) Eco – Soil 79 (1) 1–11 1–26 1–6 2–120 – 7917 85–99 (14) Safety 63 (1)b Fire 55 (1) React 39 (1) 5–7 5–10 1–4 3–110 – 6860 Spray Adhesive 75–99 (24) Fire 10–37 (6) 8 8–21 2–5 4–100 a Range spread (in %) b Number of products within this NSN

NSN: 8030008237917 (SEALANT) PRODUCT MSDS GREEN GRADE (0–100%) MANUFACTURER NAME # CHEMs TOTAL % Hernon Manufacturing Anaerobic ID 232 1 3.0 99 National Starch & Chemical Perma-Lok ML 124 4 7.8 98 Loctite Corp. Sealant Grade C 110.0 85 GREEN GRADE (0–100%) ECOL WATER AIR SOIL HEALTH ACUTE CHRONIC SAFETY FIRE SPECIAL REACT 99 98 100 97 96 85 95 91 94 63 55 39

NSN: 5970008326950 (FUNGUS RESISTANT VARNISH) PRODUCT MSDS GREEN GRADE (0–100%) MANUFACTURER NAME CHEMs TOTAL % Kop-Coat Inc. MIL-V-173C Varnish 3 52.0 90 Products/Techniques, Inc. PT-107 Clear Varnish 11 173.7 81 Randolph Products Co. Aerosol Clear Gloss MIL-V-173 7 100.0 79 GREEN GRADE (0–100%) ECOL WATER AIR SOIL HEALTH ACUTE CHRONIC SAFETY FIRE SPECIAL REACT 90 94 96 92 89 84 85 56 100 81 82 86 79 83 87 77 31 80 88 78 73 18

NSN: 8010005152487 (SPRAY LACQUER) PRODUCT MSDS GREEN GRADE (0–100%) MANUFACTURER NAME # CHEMs TOTAL % Pacific Aerosol Lacquer 5 86.0 79 Sherwin Williams 1951 Clear Lacquer Aerosol 7 87.0 Sprayon Products 01951 Clear LAC 85.0 Illinois BP&P Co. Lacquer TT-L-50G 3 84.3 LHB Industries Clear (14-100) 6 91.8 77 Borden Inc. Krylon Spray #1303 110.0 76 Seymour of Sycamore Inc. Clear 11 90.0 Aerosol 14B100 (G/O) Clear Lacquer 8 101.0 75 Krylon 1303 (Old Form) 94.0

NSN: 8030007534597 (SEALANT) PRODUCT MSDS GREEN GRADE (0–100%) MANUFACTURER NAME # CHEMs TOTAL % 3M Company Sealant B-1/2 2 2.0 100 Goal Chemical Sealants GC-408 CL-B 3 29.0 99 Products Research & Chemical PR-1440 Part B 10.0 98 PE-1422 Class B 14.0 96 Advance Chemistry MC-236 Base Type II 5 44.3 94 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Thiokol MC-236 Base 65.4 93 Flamemaster Corp. CS 3204 Part B 1 65.0 91 PR-1440 Part A Thiokol MC-236 6 120.0 87 MC-236 Accelerator

NSN: 8040009386860 (SPRAY ADHESIVE) PRODUCT MSDS GREEN GRADE (0–100%) MANUFACTURER NAME # CHEMs TOTAL % 3M Company Spray Adhesive 77 4 4.0 99 Camie-Camp[bell Inc. General Purpose Adhesive Spray 5 43.0 90 National Aerosol Products MMM-1058A Adhesive 2 77.0 84 Contact Industries Multipurpose Spray-On Adhesive 55.0 Plasti-Kote Multipurpose Spray-On Adhesive MMM-A-1058A 58.0 83 LHB Industries MMM-A-1058A Rubber Adhesive 77.5 81 So-Sure Rubber Adhesive #532D800 83.8 80 MMM-A-1058 Rubber Adhesive 90.0 78 Camie-Campbell Inc. L-6261 GSA Adhesive 3M Super 77 Spray Adhesive 100.0 75

Conclusions Only 1/5 Functionally Equivalent NSNs Was Equally “Green” – Spray Lacquer Differences in Product “Green Grades” Within an NSN Ranged From 4–24% Inverse Proportionality Between “Green” Grades and MSDS Total % Constituents GP–CAS Quantitatively Grades Individual Product Greenness GP–CAS Effectively Compares Product Greenness for Functionally Equivalent NSNs GP–CAS readily: Differentiates”Green” Disparities Within NSNs Identifies Unique & Total Regulatory Impacts Tallies the # and % MSDS Constituents

Chemical Compliance Systems, Inc. “Green” Comparisons for Functionally Equivalent Products in Federal Supply Catalogs For a remote demonstration of GP–CAS, or more information, contact . . . Dr. George Thompson 973-663-2148 georgethompson@chemply.com Chemical Compliance Systems, Inc. 706 Route 15 South, Suite 207• Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849 www.chemply.com