MINERALS AND ROCKS COMPOSITION, ORIGIN AND IDENTIFICATION COPOYRIGHT 2002, TERRY WRIGHT

MINERALS SOLID INORGANIC NATURALLY OCCURRING CONSTANT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SET INTERNAL STRUC TURE OF ATOMS

CHEMISTRY ATOMS –NEUTRONS –PROTONS –ELECTRONS ATOMS HAVE SNUG FIT ATOMS HAVE NEUTRAL CHARGE ATOMS HAVE BONDING –IONIC –COVALENT –METALLIC TO FORM MINERALS

CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY POPULARITY LIST: Si, O, Al, Fe, Mg, K,Na, Ca Si and O form basic silica tetrahedron and has snug fit and covalent bonding SiO4 does not have 0 net charge, but Oxygen sharing and other ions give 0 net charge Different arrangements result in different Silicate minerals.

MINERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES LUSTER COLOR TRUE/STREAK(FOR METALLIC MINERALS) HARDNESS CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE DENSITY REACTION TO ACID MAGNETISM TASTE

VARIETY OF IGNEOUS ROCKS BOWENS REACTION SERIES- SEQUENCE OF CRYSTALLIZATION DIFFERENTIATION –GRAVITY SETTLING –MAGMA MIXING

VISCOSITY OF MAGMA SILICA CONTENT INCREASE TEMPERATURE DECREASE GAS CONTENT INCREASES VISCOSITY

VOLCANIC IGNEOUS ROCKS

QUIET ERUPTIONS: LAVA FLOWS, FINE GRAINED, LOW VISCOSITY, QUIET ERUPTIONS, LOW SILICA, HIGH TEMPERATURE, GAS. SHIELD VOLCANOES, MELTING IN MANTLE

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS: PYROCLASTIC ROCKS, HIGH VISCOSITY HIGH SILICA, FRAGMENTAL, LOW TEMPERATURE, GAS, STRATO- VOLCANOS, CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES-MELTING IN SUBDUCTION ZONE

PLUTONIC ROCKS COOLED SLOWLY DEEP BENEATH THE SURFACE COARSE GRAINED, CRYSTALLINE DIKES, SILLS, BATHOLITHS GRANITE, DIORITE, GABBRO, PERIDOTITE

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CLASTIC-BROKEN ORIGIN CHEMICAL/BIOCHEMICAL ORIGIN HISTORY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

METAMORPHIC ROCKS RECRYSTALLIZATION FOLIATION VS NON-FOLIATION REGIONAL METAMORPHISM CONTACT METAMORPHISM HYDROTHERMAL METAMORPHISM FAULT METAMORPHISM