Standard IX- Five and Six Kingdom Classifications (2 questions) Biology AHSGE Standard IX- Five and Six Kingdom Classifications (2 questions)

Five and Six Kingdom Classification CONTENT STANDARD 9. Differentiate between the previous five-kingdom and current six-kingdom classification systems. ELIGIBLE CONTENT A. Identify and define similarities and differences between the five-kingdom and six-kingdom classification systems.

5 Kingdom Classification Domain Bacteria Kingdom Monera- Unicellular and prokaryotic Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista- Unicellular/multicellular and eukaryotic Kingdom Fungi- Unicellular/Multicellular, eukaryotic and decomposers Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic and autotrophic Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic

6 Kingdom Classification Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria- Unicellular and prokaryotic with peptidoglycan Domain Archaea 2. Kingdom Archaea- Unicellular and prokaryotic without peptidoglycan Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista- Unicellular/multicellular and eukaryotic Kingdom Fungi- Unicellular/Multicellular, eukaryotic and decomposers Kingdom Plantae- Multicellular, eukaryotic and autotrophic Kingdom Animalia- Multicellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic

KINGDOM MONERA (EUBACTERIA AND ARCHAEA) Members: Bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) Unicellular Prokaryotic (No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Autotrophic or heterotrophic Anaerobic or aerobic Anaerobic- Do not require oxygen Obligate- Oxygen is poisonous Facultative- Can withstand small amounts of oxygen Aerobic- Require oxygen

Bacteria Exist in three shapes: Bacilli- Rod shaped Cocci- Round shaped Spirilla- Spiral shaped

Domain Bacteria- Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan (polymer of two kinds of sugars) Mostly heterotrophic Some aerobes, some anaerobes Examples: Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and Staphylococcus Many bacteria in your body

Domain and Kingdom Archaea Archaebacteria- Prokaryotes whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan More ancient than true bacteria Mostly heterotrophic Extremophiles- Live in extreme environments Thermophiles- Live in extreme temperatures Halophiles- Live in extremely saline environments Methanogens- Obligate anaerobe; use CO2 in respiration and produce methane

Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular or multicellular Many colonial- Live together in groups Can not form organs Do not fit in other kingdoms; left-over or catch-all kingdom

Kingdom Protista 1. Algae- Plant-like protists Perform photosynthesis Example: kelp and plankton 2. Protozoans- Animal-like protists Examples: Amoeba or paramecium

Kingdom Protista 3. Fungus-like protists Examples: Slime molds and mildew 4. Euglenoids- Plant and animal-like Have chloroplasts and can perform photosynthesis Example: Euglena

Kingdom Fungi Unicellular or multicellular; eukaryotic Heterotrophic Lack motility (movement) Cell walls composed of chitin (rigid polymer that provides structural support) Hyphae- Thread-like filaments fungi are made of Growth, feeding and reproduction Mushrooms, yeast, mold, lichens

Kingdom Fungi Parasites- Grow and feed on other organisms Decomposer- Breaks down dead materials to absorb nutrients Saprobe- Gets nourishment from dead/decaying material

Kingdom Fungi Lichen- Fungi that live in a mutualistic relationship with algae Fungus feeds off algae Algae lives on hyphae

Kingdom Plantae Most autotrophic- contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis Multicellular; eukaryotic Cell walls composed of cellulose Cells form tissues and some organs: roots, stems, and leaves Basis of all terrestrial (land) habitats Lack motility

Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophic Mutlicellular; eukaryotic No cell walls Cells organize into tissues and then into organs Organs often organize into organ systems Live in water, on land and in air Most motile (able to move); some lack motility as adults