Introduction to Solutions. Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElement.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Entry Task: Nov 19th Monday

Advertisements

CHM 112 M. Prushan Chapter 11 Solutions and Their Properties.

Solutions. Mixtures A substance made up of 2 or more elements or compounds that are not chemically combined and can be separated 2 classifications 1.

Solution Concentration Molarity(M): Moles solute/1L solution Molality (m): Moles solute/1kg solvent Mole fraction (X A ): Moles A* total moles solution.

AP Chemistry Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions. Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute.

By: Cash Li. What is a solution? A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances on a single physical state. In a solution, the solute is.

Solutions. What is a solution? A homogeneous mixture A homogeneous mixture Composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent Composed of a solute dissolved.

I. Characteristics of solutions a. Mixtures and solutions i. Mixtures are either heterogeneous or homogeneous. 1. Heterogeneous mixtures have non-uniform.

Solutions Ch 15 & 16. What is a solution?  A solution is uniform mixture that may contain solids, liquids, or gases.  Known as a homogenous mixture.

Metallic Solids Metals are not covalently bonded, but the attractions between atoms are too strong to be van der Waals forces In metals valence electrons.

Properties of Solutions. Changes In State A Review of Matter Types of matter Types of matter Pure substances Pure substances –Elements – cannot be broken.

Types of Bonding in Crystalline Solids. Physical Properties of Solutions Chapter 13.

Unit 3 Solutions Chemistry

1 Solutions. 2 E.Q.: WHAT IS A SOLUTION? 3 Does a chemical reaction take place when one substance dissolves in another? No, dissolving is a physical.

Unit 11: Acids, Bases, and Solutions Introduction to Solutions.

Solution Concentration

13.2 The Solution Process Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution

The Nature of Solutions

Solutions. A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. The dissolved substance is completely dispersed, i.e.,

Solutions. Types of Mixtures Heterogeneous – unevenly mixed Homogeneous – evenly mixed.

Solutions Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions. Solutions Solutions are _______________ mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the _______________.

Solutions Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The.

Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions Lecture Presentation John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions. Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed.

Types of Mixtures, Rates of Solubility, and Molarity/Molality

Solutions © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Types of Solutions Supersaturated –In supersaturated solutions, the solvent holds more solute than is normally possible.

The Process of Dissolution The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent is a PHYSICAL CHANGE The intermolecular forces between the solvent and the solute.

Water and Aqueous Systems Chapter 17. Objectives 1.Describe the hydrogen bonding that occurs in water 2.Explain the high surface tension and low vapor.

Solutions CPS Chemistry. Definitions  Solutions A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase  Soluble Capable of being dissolved.

Water. Water in the Liquid State A water molecule is polar.

II III I Thanks to C. Johannesson The Nature of Solutions Solutions.

Notes:Color Guide Gold : Important concept. Write this down. Orange : Definition. Write this down. Blue : Important information, but you do not need to.

A. Homogeneous Mixture- uniform throughout A. Homogeneous Mixture- uniform throughout B. One or more substances dissolved in another B. One or more substances.

Solutions & Other Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures Amount of each substance in different samples of mixture varies.

Investigating Solutions. Components of a Solution Homogeneous mixture  at least 2 substances  proportions of the substances are not fixed (variable.

SOLUTIONS Chapter 15. Solution = homogeneous mixture Solute = gets dissolved Solvent = dissolving agent.

Solutions. Pure Substances & Mixtures o What's the matter? o Pure Substances have a definite set of physical properties. o (melting point, density, reactivity,

Properties of Solutions The Solution Process  Solution – homogeneous mixture Solute – present in smaller quantity Solvent – present in larger quantity.

Chapter 14 Solutions.

Investigating Solutions. Components of a Solution homogeneous mixture  at least 2 substances  proportions of the substances are not fixed (variable.

Chapter 12 Solutions. Review Types of mixtures: Heterogeneous mixtures: do not have a uniform composition Homogeneous mixtures: have a uniform composition,

© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions.

CP Chemistry Chapter 14 Solutions Notes.

Solutions. What is a solution? A homogeneous mixture A homogeneous mixture Composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent Composed of a solute dissolved.

Objective: To have a basic understanding of solutions Do Now: What condition(s) do you think will dissolve sugar the quickest? a.Increase of temperature.

Unit: Solutions. Types of Mixtures Recall Heterogeneous mixture-non-uniform composition Heterogeneous mixture-non-uniform composition Homogeneous mixture-uniform.

Chapter 4 Solutions. Solute The substance that is present in smallest quantity is said to be dissolved and is called the solute. The solute can be.

Unit 3 Solutions Chemistry

Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions

Solutions Ch 15 & 16.

Unit 3 Solutions Chemistry

Unit 3 Solutions Chemistry

Solutions and Solubility

Ch 14- Solutions.

Solutions Solute Solvents

Solution Chemistry Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed uniformly throughout the.

Solution Chemistry Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent.

Unit 12: Solutions Section 1: Properties of Solutions

Solubility Polarity Saturation.

CH. 12: Solutions Part 1.

Bellwork 1. What do you remember about the difference between homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures?

Solution Chemistry Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dispersed uniformly throughout the solvent.

Unit 3 Solutions Chemistry

Chapter 12.2 The Solution Process

Solution Chemistry Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. In a solution, the solute is dissolved in the solvent.

Solubility Curve Day 2.

Unit 3 Solutions Chemistry

Do Now Describe how a compound is different than a mixture

Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Solutions

Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElement MIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCE yesno Can it be chemically decomposed? noyes Is the composition uniform? noyes ColloidsSuspensions

Pure Substances A pure substance has a definite composition. Pure substances can be elements or compounds

Mixtures A mixture can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. A homogeneous mixture is one in which all of the components are UNIFORMILY distributed. –Ex: chocolate milk A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the components are NOT UNIFORMILY distributed. –Ex: pizza HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS

Solutions Solutions, in chemistry, are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances. The substance present in largest quantity usually is called the solvent. The solvent can be either a liquid or a solid. The substance that is present in smallest quantity is said to be dissolved and is called the solute. The solute can be either a gas, a liquid, or a solid.

Coke lists as its ingredients as: “carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup and/or sucrose, caramel color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors, caffeine”. What is the solvent? What are the solutes? What can we classify CO 2 as in carbonated beverages? Concept Check

Miscible liquids can easily dissolve in one another. Immiscible liquids are not soluble in each other. IPC-Solutions-Borders

Heterogeneous Mixtures  Suspensions-a heterogeneous mixture that contains large particles that “settle out” unless constantly stirred or agitated  Ex: freshly squeezed OJ, salad dressing  Colloids-a heterogeneous mixture in which the components are microscopic and will not separate when left standing.  Ex: mayonnaise, milk, stick deodorant

How does a solid dissolve into a liquid? Solvent molecules are attracted to surface ions. Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules. Ionic solid dissolving in water

Dissolution vs. Reaction Dissolution is a physical change—you can get back the original solute by evaporating the solvent. If you cant, the substance didn’t dissolve, it reacted. Ni(s) + HCl(aq)NiCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)NiCl 2 (s) dry

Factors Affecting Solubility Chemists use the saying “like dissolves like:”  Polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents.  Nonpolar substances tend to dissolve in nonpolar solvents. Oil is nonpolar while water is polar. They are immiscible.

Saturation Types Saturated Unsaturated

Degree of saturation Unsaturated Solution  Less than the maximum amount of solute for that temperature is dissolved in the solvent.  No solid remains in flask.

Degree of saturation Saturated solution  Solvent holds as much solute as is possible at that temperature.  Undissolved solid remains in flask.  Dissolved solute is in dynamic equilibrium with solid solute particles.

Saturated Solution IPC-Solutions-Borders

Degree of saturation Supersaturated Solution  Solvent holds more solute than is normally possible at that temperature.  These solutions are unstable

Chemistry-Borders Temperature and Solubility Generally, the solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents increases with increasing temperature.

Solubility What amount of CaCl 2 can be dissolved in 100 g H 2 O at 20° C? ANSWER: 75 g CaCl 2

Let’s play a quick game of…. Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

Saturated or Unsaturated? a solution that contains 70g of NaNO 3 at 30°C Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

UNSATURATED! Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

Saturated or Unsaturated? a solution that contains 50g of NH 4 Cl at 50°C Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

SATURATED! Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

Saturated or Unsaturated? a solution that contains 20g of KClO 3 at 50°C Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

SATURATED! Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

Saturated or Unsaturated? a solution that contains 70g of KI at 0°C Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

UNSATURATED! Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

Saturated or Unsaturated? A mass of 100 g of NaNO 3 is dissolved in 100 g of water at 80ºC Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

UNSATURATED! Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

THE END Chemistry-BordersIPC-Solutions-Borders

Solubility of Gases In general, the solubility of gases in water increases with increasing mass. Why? Larger molecules have stronger dispersion forces. IPC-Solutions-Borders

Gases in Solution The solubility of liquids and solids does not change appreciably with pressure. But, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its pressure. Increasing pressure above solution forces more gas to dissolve. IPC-Solutions-Borders

Temperature The opposite is true of gases. Higher temperature drives gases out of solution.  Carbonated soft drinks are more “bubbly” if stored in the refrigerator.  Warm lakes have less O 2 dissolved in them than cool lakes. IPC-Solutions-Borders

Temperature and Solubility Solid solubility and temperature solubility increases with increasing temperature solubility decreases with increasing temperature IPC-Solutions-Borders

Temperature and Solubility Gas solubility and temperature solubility usually decreases with increasing temperature IPC-Solutions-Borders

Electrolytes IPC-Solutions-Borders

Electrolyte Electrolyte: a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current Any soluble ionic compound is an electrolyte Strong acids are electrolytes IPC-Solutions-Borders