Israel and Palestine The Jewish diaspora was the historical exile and dispersion of Jews from the region of the Kingdom The Palestinian population of around ten or eleven million people is divided between historic Palestine and a diaspora, mainly in neighboring Arab countries.

What happened after Israeli Independence? : Israeli Independence… Arab countries invade (war 1) –See sheet for Arab-Israeli Wars! –WHAT HAPPENS TO PALESTINIANS NOW WITH NO HOME? 1964: PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) established (Now considered a terrorist group!) –Leader Yasser Arafat –In response to Israeli invasion of Lebanon (refugee camps) 6 Day War1967: 6 Day War (war 3) –Israeli occupation of territories –See sheet for Arab-Israeli Wars! 1978: Camp David Accords. Egypt (Sadat), Israel (Begin), USA (Carter) –Israel agrees to full autonomy for Palestine. Doesn't happen. Egypt isolated. –1979: Israel withdraws from Sinai Peninsula. 1981: Sadat assassinated. Israel makes more settlements in ‘Palestinian territory’ (see settlement map) 1987: 1 st INTIFADA (Shaking off/ uprising) –Israeli retaliation –Hamas formed Results of the 6 Day war? 1)Israel tripled their land -Gained Gaza and Sinai from Egypt -Gained West Bank from Jordan -Gained Golan Heights from Syria 2)Israel began settlements in -Gaza -West Bank 3) Israel annexed Jerusalem’s Old City

1993: Oslo Accords –Israel and Palestine peace agreements. –5 year plan for full autonomy 1994: Palestinian Authority (PA) established –Yasser Arafat elected as President. Parliament begins!!! –Government without a country! –PLO no longer a terrorist organization 2000: Peace breaks, promises unrealized, –2 nd INTIFADA 2001: Result? PM of Israel (Ariel Sharon) completely rejects Oslo! –1993 negotiations fail –Arafat dies 2005: Mahmoud Abbas (Fatah Party/ former PLO) elected to PA. –Abbas= Moderate: Israel ‘evacuates’ the Gaza Strip 2006 (Jan): Hamas elected into Parliament of PA (majority) –Wait, terrorist group! –US & EU BOYCOTT!!! –New Israeli PM, Ehud Olmert, decided to construct a ‘safety wall’ between West Bank and Israel (in addition to wall between Gaza and Israel) –What about the settlements?

The Separation Wall WB land outside (west) of Wall: 9.5 Jordan Valley settlement control: 28.5 Settlement blocs east of Wall: 8.0 Area remaining for Palestinians: 54.0 Palestinians isolated west of Wall: Palestinians separated from their land: Land (%) People. 242,000 (10%) 284,000 (12%)

@ a a Glance… Jerusalem None (PA hopes for East Jerusalem) Capital Gov’t Democracy Leaders President (figurehead): Shimon Peres(2007), was a leading member of the Labour party, now centrist Kadima party PM: Binyamin Netanyahu (2009), right-wing Likud party President: Mahmoud Abbas (Fatah faction) Moderate, in favor of negotiations with Israel NOT armed violence Is Yasser Arafat’s successor and co-founder of Fatah in the late 1950’s (political faction of PLO) Hamas leader: Ismail Haniyeh Hamas won in Parliamentary polls in 2006! Legisla- tive Branch Knesset elects the President to lead the legislative branch PA (PNA): The two PA areas have since been run by the separate factions the West Bank by Fatah and Gaza by Hamas Egyptian-mediated efforts to bring the two factions together continue, but with little success so far. None: In November 2012, the UN General Assembly voted to upgrade the status of the Palestinians to that of a "non-member observer state" - a move that allows them to take part in General Assembly debates and improves their chances of joining UN agencies.

Palestine at the UN What happened? In November 2012, the UN General Assembly voted to upgrade the status of the Palestinians: –From “non-member observer entity” –To "non-member observer state" A move that allows them to take part in General Assembly debates and improves their chances of joining UN agencies. Palestinian statehood Palestinian statehoodThe new recognition the Palestinians obtained is a formal upgrade from observer entity that would implicitly recognize Palestinian statehood.Palestinian statehood Bid explained: – 1/28/world/meast/un- palestinian-bid/index.htmlhttp:// 1/28/world/meast/un- palestinian-bid/index.html