Warm Up Answer the following questions based on the Mass Society Timeline (p ): a. When did the Civil War begin in the United States? b. How many years passed between the invention of the telephone and the Kodak camera? c. Who invented the radio? d. In which year did World War I begin?

Essential Question ► Why did the industrial revolution lead to a new modern consciousness?

Romanticism

Romanticism ► Reaction against Enlightenment thinking ► Enlightenment stressed reason as the means of discovering truth

Romanticism ► Emphasized feelings, emotions, and imagination as sources of knowing

Literature ► Walter Scott ► Ivanhoe ► About knights in medieval England

Frankenstein ► Written by Mary Shelley

Edgar Allen Poe ► Horror short stories

Romantic Poetry ► Love of nature “One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you more of man, Of moral evil and of good, Than all the sages can.”

Romantic Literature ► Concerned that science and industrialization would cause a separation of people from their inner selves and from nature

Romantic Art ► Abandon classical use of reason; focus on an artist’s inner feelings

Romantic Music ► Ludwig von Beethoven “I must write, for what weighs on my heart, I must express.”

New Age in Science ► Accompanied the Industrial Revolution

Louis Pasteur ► Proposed the germ theory of disease ► Led to modern medicine

Dmitry Mendeleyev ► Classified all elements on the basis of their atomic weights

Michael Faraday ► Primitive generator that led to the use of electric current

Secularism ► Discoveries led to a growing faith in science ► For some, this led to a rejection of religion

Charles Darwin ► On the Origin of Species by Natural Means of Selection ► Organic evolution ► Natural selection

Marie Curie ► French scientist ► Discovered that an element called radium gave off energy or radiation

Albert Einstein ► 1905 – theory of relativity ► Space and time are not absolute, but relative to the observer ► Matter is another form of energy

Social Darwinism ► The “fit” or strong advance while the weak decline ► Also applied to nations

Growth of Anti-Semitism ► Hostility toward Jews in Europe ► Many were successful doctors, bankers, lawyers, and scientists

Growth of Anti-Semitism ► Persecution in eastern Europe ► Pogroms – organized massacres

Zionism ► Many moved to Palestine ► Jewish national movement to regain the homeland of ancient Israel

Modernism in Culture ► ► Artists and writers rebelled against traditional styles

Impressionism ► Form of painting ► Rejected working in studios, went out into nature to paint

Claude Monet

Renoir

Renoir

Renoir

Vincent van Gogh

George Eastman ► Created the first Kodak camera in 1888

Picasso ► Created cubism – use geometric designs to recreate reality

Picasso

Picasso

Abstract Painting ► Began in 1910 with Wassily Kandinsky

Kandinsky

Kandinsky

Kandinsky

Architecture ► Emphasis on functionalism ► Buildings should fulfill the purpose for which they were built

Louis H. Sullivan

Frank Lloyd Wright