Hate Crime In Prison The role of prison life in the growth of hate crime and hate groups

Prison Community Connection  Prisoners are no longer isolated from the community.  Prisons and communities impact each other  95% of prisoners will return to the community  The State controls the perimeter but not behavior

History of Prison Gangs  Naples Prison –Mafia  Russian Prison Gangs –Russian Mafia  American Prison Gangs –Mexican Mafia –Gangster Disciples Arian Brotherhood –Others

Gangs to Hate  Hate motivated Behavior –Hate crimes –Hate Incidents (1 st Amendment) –Often violent –Behavior that jeopardizes a person because of their group affiliation

Group Affiliations  Race  Religion  Creed  National Origin  Sex  Sexual orientation  Disability

Prison Hate Motivated Behavior  Identifies other groups as hostile enemies  Organizes inmates in functional racial groups  Establishes a code of conduct that requires hate group support in the community.  Uses the crimes of murder, assault and rape are primary instruments of intimidation and enforcement.

Hate Based Gangs  Aryan Brotherhood  Nazi Low Riders  Nuestra Familia  Black Guerilla Family

Hate Group Victims  Racial identity  Gays, Lesbians, trans sexual.  Ethnic Groups based on location  Disabled

Epidemiology of Hate  Hate as an infectious disease  Inmates are infected with Hate as they enter the prison  Their infection grows and matures throughout their term of incarceration  The disease matures and mutates as the number of infected subjects grows

Public Health Model  Research  Documentation  Development theoretical models  Systematic implementation of interventions  Feedback and Evaluation

Prison Power Model

Phase I - State Dominate  New Institution  Lock Down Status  Maximum Security  23/1 or 24 Hr  Inmates Idle  Staff does all the work

Phase II - State over Inmates  State Dominate  Inmates are allowed to move  Work Assignments  Program participation  Inmates do the work  Staff supervises inmates

Phase III - Inmates over State  Inmates Dominate  Inmate numbers  Compromise Staff  Contraband  Territory  Sex  Violence  Organize

Hate Groups Impact on the Community  Develop into criminal enterprises  Terrorize neighborhoods and communities  Create wealth  Develop Political Power  Threaten the social and political order

Optimum Balance  Staff retains control  Inmates contribute to the institution  Free to conduct positive activities  Cost effective  Safe and secure

Phase IV – Inmate Dominate  Inmates take control  Violent incidents  Assaults on rivals  Take hostages  Kill the snitches  Secure the crazies  Develop demands  Negotiate w / authorities  State Assault restores State power

Hate Groups Influence  Fill the power vacuum  Connections to the outside increase their power base  Do things the State can not or will not do  Use terrorism tactics to intimidate the prison and the community

The End  References  Office of Justice Programs, 2001, BJS Special Report, Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRIS, , U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C.  Harlow, C.W., 2005, BJS Special Report, Hate Crimes Reported by Victims and Police, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C.  Hamm, M.S., 2008, Prisoner Radicalization Assessing the Threat in U.S. Correctional Institutions, NIJ Journal No 261, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Washington D.C  Office of Justice Programs, 2001, BJS Special Report, Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRIS, , U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C.  Rosenthal, M., 2004, Recommendations for Reform The California Youth and Adult Correctional Agency: Racism, Violence, Bigotry, and Gang / Intergroup Conflict, California Performance Review Board, CA  Lofgreen. V "A Model of the Dynamic Power Relationship Between Staff and Inmates in a Secure Correctional Facility", in: Peak, Kenneth J., Justice Administration: Managing Police, Courts, and Corrections Organizations, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.  Victor Lofgreen Ph D Walden University Presented to: Community College Criminal Justice Educators of Texas Howard College Big Spring, TX May