GRADUAL PAINLESS DETERIORATION OF VISION MAJ SADIA HUMAYUN CLASSIFIED EYE SPECIALIST AFIO.

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Presentation transcript:

GRADUAL PAINLESS DETERIORATION OF VISION MAJ SADIA HUMAYUN CLASSIFIED EYE SPECIALIST AFIO

VISUAL LOSS SUDDENSUDDEN TRANSIENTTRANSIENT PERMANENTPERMANENT GRADUAL DETERIORATIONGRADUAL DETERIORATION UNILATERAL/BILATERALUNILATERAL/BILATERAL

Painless Gradual loss of vision 1- Refractive error 2- Cataract 3- Glaucoma 4- Age related macular degeneration ( AMD ) 5- Diabetic retinopathy 6- Optic nerve compression 7- Drug toxicity 8- Hereditary retinal dystrophies

REFRACTIVE ERRORS 1- Myopia 2- Hypermetropia 3- Astigmatism 4- Presbyopia

MYOPIA

HYPERMETROPIA

ASTIGMATISM

PRESBYOPIA

CATARACT The most common cause of treatable loss of vision.

ACQUIRED CATARACT AGE RELATED CATARACT PRESENILE CATARACT TRAUMATIC CATARACT SECONDARY CATARACT DRUG INDUCED CATARACT

GLAUCOMA  The 2 nd common cause of blindness in adults (40 years).  Elevated intraocular pressure (20-30 mmHg).  Gradual visual field loss.  Optic nerve changes.  Haloes around the light

GLAUCOMA  Congenital Glaucoma  Primary Glaucoma 1- Open angle 2- Closed angle  Secondary Glaucoma

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) Progressive degeneration of the macula in elderly people The most frequent cause of blindness beyond 55 years old. Types : 1- non neovascular ( dry ) 2- neovascular ( wet )

18

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY It is a microangiopathy, involving the precapillary arterioles, capillaries and post capillary venules.

TYPES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Background Diabetic Retinopathy Pre-proliferartive Diabetic Retinopathy Proliferartive Diabetic Retinopathy Advanced diabetic eye disease

OPTIC NERVE COMPRESSION Orbital tumors Pituitary adenoma Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma Sarcoidosis Thyroid Ophthalmopathy

OPTIC NERVE COMPRESSION

DRUG TOXICITY 1- ALCOHOL-TOBACO AMBLYOPIA. 2- CHLOROQUINE. 3- HYDROXYCHLORQINE. 4- AMIODARONE. 5- STEROIDS. 6- CHLORPROMAZINE 7- ETHAMBUTOL

HEREDITARY RETINAL DYSTROPHY Retinitis pigmentosa : - Degeneration of rod cells and retinal atrophy  Night blindness  Arteriolar attenuation  Disc pallor  Bone spicule pigmentation - No satisfactory treatment.

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