Introduction to Optical Electronics Quantum (Photon) Optics (Ch 12) Resonators (Ch 10) Electromagnetic Optics (Ch 5) Wave Optics (Ch 2 & 3) Ray Optics (Ch 1) Photons & Atoms (Ch 13) Laser Amplifiers (Ch 14) Lasers (Ch 15) Photons in Semiconductors (Ch 16) Semiconductor Photon Detectors (Ch 18) Semiconductor Photon Sources (Ch 17) Optics Physics Optoelectronics

Traveling Waves in a Planar-Mirror Resonator U3 U2 U1 r = r1 r2 U0 r e-jU r e-j + U0 U

Traveling Waves in a Planar-Mirror Resonator d r1r2 e-j2 + E0 E r1r2 e-j E

Modes of a System

Modes of a Lossy Resonator For large F

Impact of Reflectivity (r) Imax held constant

Spectrum Analyzer T = Transmittance

Optical Cavities Exercise 1.4-7 (PS 1) d R1 R2 M1 M2 or

Resonator Stability Diagram c d e -1 1 Symmetrical Resonators g1 g2 Planar (R1 = R2 = ∞) Symmetrical confocal (R1 = R2 = -d) Symmetrical concentric (R1 = R2 = -d/2) Confocal / planar (R1 = -d, R2 = ∞) Concave / convex (R1 < 0, R2 > 0

The Gaussian Beam

Matching Gaussian Beam to Spherical Mirrors d R1 = R(z1) Phase fronts -R2 = R(z2) z1 z2

Exercise 9.2-1 Maximum Resonator Length for Confined Rays Phase fronts R2 z1 z2 A resonator is constructed using two concave mirrors of radii 50 cm and 100 cm. Determine the maximum resonator length for which rays satisfy the confinement condition

Exercise 9.2-2: Matching Gaussian Beams to a Plano-Concave Resonator d R1 R2 z = 0 z2 Determine the following in terms of (d /R2): Confinement Condition (stability) Depth of Focus Beam Radius at the waist and at each of the mirrors

Spherical-Mirror Resonators Hermite-Gaussian Modes z1 z2 d Phase fronts

Exercise 9.2-3: Resonance Frequencies of a Confocal Resonator A symmetrical confocal resonator has a length d = 30 cm, and the medium has refractive index n = 1. Determine the frequency spacing F and the displacement frequency ( / )F. Determine all the resonance frequencies that lie within the band 5 x 1014  2 x 109 Hz.