CHAPTER 10 MUSCULAR SYSTEM

2 Muscles of the face & head (Aponeurosis/Fascia: Flat, sheet-like tendon) Figure 10.6 page: 331 A. Epicranius- frontalis & occipitalis 1. Word derivation a. Epi: (G) on top of b. Cranius: (L) skull 2. Origin: Occipital bone 3. Insertion: skin/muscles around eye 4. Action: Raise eyebrows B. Orbicularis Oculi 1. Derivation: (L) circular/round & eye 2. O: Maxilary & frontal bones 3. I: Skin around eye 4. A: Closes eye (Sphincter muscle)

3 Figure 10.6 page: 331

4 C. Orbicularis Oris 1. Oris (L) mouth 2. O: Muscles near mouth 3. I: skin of lips 4. A: Closes and “pucker ups” lips (Sphincter) D. Temporalis – video 1. (L): side of head - temple region temporalis bone 2. O:Temporal bone 3. I: Lateral surface of mandible 4. A: Closes jaw #51 E. Zygomaticus 1. (G) Bar 2. O: Zygomatic bone 3. I: Obicularis oculi 4. A: Raises corner of mouth (smile)

5 Figure 10.6 page: 331

Temporalis Video # 51

6 F. Buccinator – video #5 1. (L) Trumpeter 2. O: Outer surface of maxilla & mandible 3. I: Obicularis oris 4. A: Compresses cheeks inwards G. Masseter – video #31 1. (G) Chew 2. O: Lower border of Zygomatic arch 3. I: Lateral surface of mandible 4. A: Closes jaw/chew

7. Figure: 107a: pg. 333

Buccinator video #5

Masseter muscle video #31

8 H. Sternocliedomastoid(eus)- SCM 1. origins & insertions 2. O: Sternum & clavicle(cliedeo, G-hook) 3. I: mastoid process of temporal bone 4. A: singly- rotate head, together- flex neck I. Splenius capitis #47 1. 2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae 3. I: Mastoid process 4. A: Rotate head, laterally flex neck

9 Fig. 10.9 a; pg. 337 SCM

10 Fig. 10.9b : page 337 splenius capitis

Spleenius capitus Video #47

.11 I. Semispinalis Capitis #42 1. semi = half (origin ½ & ½) 2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae 3. I: Occipital bone 4. A: Extend, laterally flex & rotate neck

12 Figure: 10.9 d page:339 Semispinalis capitis

Semispinalis capitis video #42

13 Muscles of the pectoral girdle Posterior Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 A. Trapezius #58 1. Shape: trapezoid 2. O: Occipital bone, spinous process of cervical & thoracic spine 3. I: Clavicle; spine & acromion process of scapula 4. A: Raises & rotates scapula B. Rhomboid Major #38 1. Shape rhomboid 2. O: Spinous processes of upper thoracics 3. I: Medial boarder of scapula 4. A: Raises & Adducts scapula

14 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 trapezius & rhomboid

Trapezius video #58

Rhomboid major video #38

Pectoral girdle, anterior. 15 C. Levator Scapulae #29 1. Lifts scapula 2. O: Transverse processes of C-spine 3. I: Margin(superior/medial) of scapula 4. A:raises & adducts scapula Pectoral girdle, anterior. Fig. 10.13 a pg. 347 D. Serratus anterior #44 1. (L) saw toothed 2. O: Outer surface of upper ribs 3. I: Ventral surface of scapula 4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down (inferior)

16 Fig. 10.13 c; page 348 levator scapulae

Levator scapulae – video #29

17 Figure: 10.13a; page: 347 serratus anterior

Serratus anterior – video #44

Rotator cuff muscles(SITS) 18 E. Pectoralis minor #34 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347 1. (L) Chest 2. O: Sternal ends of upper ribs 3. I: Coracoid process (scapula) 4. A: Pulls scapula anterior & down Rotator cuff muscles(SITS) Fig. 10.14 b; page. 351 A. Supraspinatus* #50 1. Superior to scapula spine 2. O: Superior posterior aspect of scapula 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Initiates arm abduction first 15 degrees

19 Fig. 10.13 a; pg.347 pectoralis minor

Pectoralis minor – video #34

20 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 supraspinatis

Supraspinatus video # 50

21 B. Infraspinatus #25 1. Inferior to scapular spine 2. O: Inferior posterior scapula 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: External rotation of arm C.Teres minor #53 1. (l) Long and round 2. O: Lateral boarder of scapula 3. Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Rotate arm externally

22 Fig. 10.14b; page. 351 infraspinatus & teres minor

Infraspinatus – video # 25

Teres minor – video #53

23 D. Subscapularis* #48 Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352 1. Underneath (anterior) side of scapular spine 2. O: Anterior surface of scapula 3. I: Lesser tubercle of humerous 4. A: Prime mover - Rotates arm internally

24 Subscapularis* Fig. 10.14 d; pg. 352

Subscapularis video #48

25 Muscles of the glenohumeral joint shoulder/upper arm Anterior muscles Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347 A. Pectoralis Major #33 1. (l) Chest 2. O: Clavicle, sternum & cartilagof upper ribs 3. I: Intertubercular grove of humerous 4. A: prime mover for upperar adduction

26 Figure 10.13 a; pg. 347 pectoralis major

Pectoralis major video33

27 B. Deltoid - #6 figures 10.13 a&c pgs. 347 & 348 Delta 1. (l) triangle shape 2. O: Scapula, acromion process, spine, clavicle 3. I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous 4. A: Prime mover for arm adduction (middle fibers), also flexes & extends arm

28 figures 10.13 a pgs. 347 deltoid anterior

Deltoid muscle #6

29 figures 10.13c pgs 348 deltoid, posteror

30 Posterior C. Latisimus dorsi (lats) #28 1. lats/wings 2. O: Spinous processes of sacral, lumbar & lower thoracic spine 3. I: Intertubercular grove 4. A: Prime mover for upper arm adduction Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 Muscles that move the elbow Fig. 10.14 a&b pages: 351 & 352 Anterior chamber

31 Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251 latisssimus dorsi

Latisimus dorsi video-28

32 A. Brachialis #3 1. (l) arm 2. Origin: anterior distal humerous 3. Insertion: coronoid process of ulna 4. Prime mover for forearm (elbow) flexion B. Biceps brachii #1 1. (l) arm & muscle has 2 heads 2. Origin: short head: coricoid process long head: glenoid tubercle & glenoidcavity 3. Insertion: Radial tuberosity 4. Not the prime mover- synergist for flexion; supination of wrist

33 Figure: 10.14 d; page 352 brachialis

Brachialis video #3

34 Figure: 10.14 c; page 352 Bicep brachii

Biceps brachii video #1

35 Posterior Chamber A. Triceps brachii #59 fig. 10.13 b 1. (l) three heads 2. Origin: posterior head of humerous 3. Insertion: Olecranon of ulna 4. Prime mover for lower arm (elbow) extension

36 Triceps brachii fig. 10.13 b page 351

Triceps brachii video #59

37 Muscles that move the thigh Originate somewhere on the pelvis and insert somewhere on the femur Anterior group: Fig. 10.19 a-c; pg. 264 Function – flex the thigh A. Iliopsoas – prime mover #24 Psoas major 1. O: Anterior lumbar vertebrae disc, bodies & transverse processes 2. I: Lesser trochanter B. Iliacus 1. O: ilium - anterior fossa 2. I: Lesser trochanter

38 Fig. 10.19 a; pg. 264 psoas major, iliacus

Iliopsoas video #24

39 II. Posterior Group pg. Fig. 10.20 a; page 366 A. Gluteus maximus #21 1. gloutos – (G) Buttock 2. O: Sacrum, coccyx & posterior surface of ilium 3. I: Posterior femur 4. A: Extend leg (hip) prime mover

40 Fig. 10.20 a; page 367 gluteus maximus & medius

Gluteus maximus video# 21

41

42 B. Gluteus medius #22 1. gloutos – (G) Buttock 2. O: Lateral surface of ilium 3. I: Greater trochanter 4. A: Abduct hip & rotate medially C. Gluteus minimus Just remember there is one

Gluteus medius video #22

43 D. Tensor fasciae latae #52 1. Starbucks 2. O: Anterior iliac crest 3. I: Iliotibial band (fascia to the knee) 4 A: abducts, helps flex & medially rotate

44 Figure 10.19 a; page 364 tensor fasciae latae

Tensor fasciae latae video # 52

45 III. Adductor group – pulls leg medially Five Muscles in group A. Adductor magnus 1. Adducts/big 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Posterior femur surface 4. A: Adducts- prime mover, helps extend, & rotate thigh laterally other 4 are synergistic Fig. 10.19 b; page 364

46 Fig. 10.19 b; page 364 adductors/adductor magnus

47 Muscles that move the leg (lower leg) I. Hamstring group – Posterior leg Lower leg flexors; upper leg extensors Fig. 10.20 a ; pg. 367 A. Bicep femoris #22 1. Two heads for origin 2. O: Ischial tuberosity & posterior femur surface 3. I: Head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle 4. A: Flex lower leg & extends thigh B. Semitendinosus #43 1. ? 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Medial tibia surface 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh

48 C.Semimembranous #41 1. ?: 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Medial tibia condyle 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh

49 Fig. 10.20 a ; pg. 367 Hamstrings

Bicep femoris video # 2

Semitendenosus video #43

Semimembranosus video #41

50 Anterior Leg Quadriceps – Lower leg/knee extensors Fig. 10.19; pg. 364 A. Rectus femoris #37 1. straight muscle fibers on femur 2. O: Spine of ilium & Acetabulum 3. I: Patellar tendon A:Extend lower leg B. Vastus lateralis #61 1.lateral 2. O: Greater trochanter 3. I: Patellar tendon 4. A: Extend lower leg

51 C.Vastus medialis #62 1. medial 2. O: Medial surface of femur 3. I: Patellar tendon 4. A: Extend lower leg D. Vastus intermedius #66 1. In between 2. O: Anterior lateral femur surfaces 4.A: Extends lower leg

52 Fig. 10.19; pg. 364 Quadriceps

Rectus femoris video # 37

Vastus lateralis video #61

Vastus medialis video #62

Vastus intermedius video #60

53 A. Sartorius #40 1. Tailors muscle –longest muscle 2. O: Anterior superior iliac spine 3. I: Medial surface of tibia 4. A: Synergistic: Flexes leg & thigh, abducts & rotates thigh laterally & rotates lower leg medially Go back Fig. 10.14b; pg. 251

Sartorius video #40

54 Muscles of the Ankle and Toes Anterior Compartment I. Tibialis Anterior: #55 O (origin): lateral condyle distal 2/3 of tibia diaphysis I (insertion): medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal A (action): Prime mover of Dorsiflexion II. Extensor halicus longus #11 O: Anterior medial fibula shaft & interoseous membrane I: Distal phalanx of big toe A: Extend big toe (help w/ Dorsiflexion)

Table 10.15a pg. 371

Table 10.15b pg. 371

Tibialis anterior video #55

Table 10.15c pg. 371

Extensor halicus longus Video # 11

58 III. Extensor digitorum longus #10 O: Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula & interosseous membrane/ligament I: phalanges of toed 2-5 A: Prime mover: Toe extension

Table 10.15d pg. 371

Extensor digitorum longus video #10

60 Muscles of ankle & Toes Posterior chamber I 60 Muscles of ankle & Toes Posterior chamber I. Gastrocnemius #20 O: Two heads at lateral & medial epicondyles of femur I: Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal/Achilles tendon A: planter flex foot when knees extended II. Soleus #46 O: Superior surface of tibia, fibia & Interoseous tendon/membrane I: Same as gastrocnemeus A: Plantar flexion w/ knee flexion (walking)

Table 10.15a pg: 374

Gastrocnemius video #20

Table 10.15b pg. 371

Soleus Video #45

Rectus abdominis video #36

External obliques video #13

Internal obliques video #27

Transversus abdominus video # 57