The New State Unit 3, Lesson 1

Statehood for Ohio More and more settlers moved to the Ohio Territory – Census  official population count – Showed more than 45,000 people were living in the area in 1800 How many people would it need to become a state? State the policy that included this.

New Constitutions 1787  Constitution of the USA created – Constitution  a written plan for government – Replaced the Articles of Confederation, the first plan for government A state needed its own constitution besides having a population of 60,000 people.

New Constitutions November 1802  Chillicothe – Settlers gathered to write Ohio’s constitution. – Approved by Congress March 1, 1803  Ohio became the 17 th state.

New Constitutions Edward Tiffin – First governor – Took office in Chillicothe, the state’s first capital Two other cities served as Ohio’s capital – Zanesville  – Columbus  1816-present

Tecumseh Fights On The US had gained large areas of land from treaties with Native Americans How do you think the Native Americans felt about these treaties? Why did they feel this way?

Tecumseh Fights On Many Native Americans did not believe these treaties were fair. 2 Shawnee leaders: Tecumseh, Tenskwatawa – They hoped to unite all Native Americans against the settlers. – Tecumseh = good speaker Urged tribes to form a confederation Confederation  a large group made of smaller groups that work together for the same goals

Prophetstown and Tippecanoe 1808  Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa built Prophetstown – Village near the Tippecanoe River in what was called the Indiana Territory – Wanted this Prophetstown to be the capital of the confederation tribes

Prophetstown and Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory, met with Tecumseh. – Wanted Tecumseh to follow the earlier treaties Tecumseh reply: “Settlers have no right to take the land from the Indians, because the Indians had it first.” The men could not agree.

Prophetstown and Tippecanoe November 1811  Harrison led a group of soldiers toward Prophetstown. – Tecumseh was not there because he was trying to win support from southern tribes. – Harrison’s soldiers fought the Native Americans for two hours  Battle of Tippecanoe – Native Americans were defeated and Prophetstown was destroyed.

The War of 1812 British weapons were found in Prophetstown after the Battle of Tippecanoe. What did this prove?

The War of 1812 The British had been helping Native Americans fight settlers At the same time, British ships were attacking American trading ships The US declared War on Britain in June 1812.

Battles on Land and Sea The war lasted for more than 2 years. May and July 1813  British soldiers and their Native American allies attacked Fort Meigs (near present-day Perrysburg, Ohio) – Both attempts failed Later that year, Americans, under the command of Oliver Hazard Perry, defeated a British force on Lake Erie – Why would the people who lived in Ohio be pleased with Perry’s success on Lake Erie? – The War of 1812 & Battle of Lake Erie The War of 1812 & Battle of Lake Erie

Battles on Land and Sea Battle of Thames  Harrison led soldiers; fought near the Thames river in Canada – Tecumseh killed during battle 1814  The United States won the war As a result… – Britain lost its strength in the USA – Tecumseh’s death caused the Native American confederation to fall apart – Battle of Thames Battle of Thames

Ohio Grows By 1815, most Native Americans in Ohio had lost their lands Sent to reservations  land set aside by the government for use by the Native Americans

Ohio Grows Americans continued migrating to Ohio and other western lands – Migration  the movement of people from one place to live in another place Immigrants (settlers from other countries) also came to Ohio in large numbers – How would you define immigration?

Ohio Grows Immigration  the movement of people from one country to live in another Most of the immigrants came from Germany and Ireland – Germans  settled in Cincinnati, Fort Loramie, Lancaster, and Zoar – Irish  settled in Cleveland and central Ohio Reasons for immigrating: – German  Zoar – religious freedom; others to escape hardships – Irish  potato famine

Canals, Roads, and Railroads 1830  a million people lived in Ohio The state needed better ways to move goods and people – Ohio legislature passed laws to build new canals, roads, and railroads

Canals, Roads, and Railroads Canal  a waterway made by people that connects two bodies of water Ohio’s canals helped its farmers ship goods to more places – Open by 1845 The Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal made it easier for people to travel and move goods between Lake Erie and the Ohio River – For cities along Lake Erie, the Erie Canal provided a water route to New York City and the Atlantic Ocean. – The Erie Canal The Erie Canal

Canals

Canals, Roads, and Railroads Roads were used for travel – Most were rough and muddy 1815  smoother and more level road started in Cumberland, Maryland – The National Road – Ohio through Illinois

The National Road

Canals, Roads, and Railroads 1836  Erie and Kalamazoo Rail Road opened – Connected Ohio to Michigan By 1850s, railroad tracks crossed the entire state – Many immigrants found work building the new canals, roads, and railroads. How did new transportation change Ohio? How would better transportation help farmers?

Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad