Blending Quotations ________________________________________________________________ Western Literature February 6, 2015

The Basics: Dropped Quotes Always integrate quotations into your text. NEVER just “drop” a quotation in your writing! In other words, don’t let a piece of textual evidence stand alone as its own sentence (unless it’s multiple sentences long). Use your own words to introduce a quotation in the sentence.

How To Improve Blending Quotes Use only the most effective part of the quotation. Maintain a smooth sentence style. Remember to use ellipses if necessary. Remember to use brackets [ ] if you add or change a word. Use signal phrases which precede the quote.

Example from To Kill A Mockingbird Original example: Mr. Radley is an unattractive man. “He was a thin leathery man with colorless eyes, so colorless they did not reflect light” (Lee 32). Bad example! Why? The quote is just “dropped in.” It is also called “quote vomit.”

Example from TKAM (cont’d) Original — unblended: Mr. Radley is an unattractive man. “He was a thin leathery man with colorless eyes, so colorless they did not reflect light” (Lee 32). Smoother integration — well blended: Mr. Radley is unattractive, a “thin leathery man with colorless eyes” (Lee 32). The part about his eyes is omitted. Even smoother integration: Harper Lee describes Mr. Radley as “a thin leathery man with colorless eyes…[that] did not reflect light” (32).

Another Example Original: Smoothly blended into sentence: Hemingway hints of a storm on the move. “The shadow of a cloud moved across the field of grain” (Hemingway 179). Smoothly blended into sentence: A storm approaches the town as “the shadow of a cloud [moves] across the field of grain” (Hemingway 179) and Maggie turns back to the forest.

Using Signal Phrases Use signal phrases to blend the quote into the sentence, making it read smoothly: T.S. Eliot, in his “Talent and the Individual,” uses gender-specific language. He argues, for instance, that “no poet, no artist of any art, has his complete meaning alone. [Indeed,] his significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists” (Eliot 29). See how the signal phrase makes the sentence read smoother?

Student Examples Original: A suggested revision: Night also represents the fire that killed so many people. “And just as the train stopped, this time we saw flames rising from a chimney into a dark sky” (Wiesel 28). A suggested revision: Wiesel suggests night represents death by fire as he and other passengers witness “flames rising from a chimney into a dark sky” which are no doubt burning people alive (Wiesel 28).

More Student Examples Original: A suggested revision: You start to see this fairly early in the book. “What had happened to me? My father had been struck in front of me, and I had not even blinked” (Wiesel 39). A suggested revision: Elie is disgusted with himself when his father is beaten right “in front of [him], and [he] had not even blinked” (Wiesel 39). He begins to question his own values as his concern for his father appears to decrease.

More Student Examples Original: A suggested revision: Through out the book, most of the killings or horrible events, including Elie, occur during the night. “They must of taken him away before daybreak and taken him to the crematorium” (Wiesel 112). A suggested revision: Throughout the book, many horrible events including the killings occur during the night. Indeed, Wiesel tells of a man “taken…away before daybreak… to the crematorium” (Wiesel 112).

Essay Workshop STEP ONE: Find a partner with a completed rough draft. STEP TWO: The person with the closest birthdate goes first as the feedback-provider. He or she will take his or her partner’s essay and read it aloud to his/her partner. STEP THREE: As the essay is read aloud, stop to make comments and give feedback. Do they have a clear and direct thesis statement that can be contested? Do they need more evidence (5 quote minimum)? Are their quotes blended? Do they provide ample commentary to show how their evidence proves their claims? STEP FOUR: I WILL TELL YOU WHEN TO SWITCH. DO NOT SWITCH BEFORE I SAY SO. Repeat the process.

HOMEWORK Continue working and revising your Oedipus the King essay. You must bring your rough draft to class on Monday.