1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels Lecture Outline Part 1

2 Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

3 Points to ponder What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? What is the anatomy of the heart? Of blood vessels, such as veins and arteries? How is the heart beat regulated? What is blood pressure? What are common cardiovascular diseases and how might you prevent them?

4 What is the cardiovascular system? It includes the _____ and ________________. It brings _________ to cells and helps get rid of ______. Blood is __________ in the lung, kidneys, intestine, and liver. ___________ vessels help this system by collecting excess fluid surrounding tissues and returning it to the cardiovascular system. 5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System

5 Figure 5.1 The cardiovascular system and homeostasis. What is the cardiovascular system? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. O2O2 tissue cells Respiratory System kidneys food liver Urinary SystemDigestive System metabolic wastes (urine) indigestible food residues (feces) CO 2 Cardiovascular System

6 What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? 1.Generate ___________ 2.Transport _____ 3.Exchange of nutrients and wastes at the ______________ 4.Regulate _________ as needed 5.1 Overview of the Cardiovascular System

7 What is the main pathway of blood in the body? Heart – arteries – arterioles – capillaries – venules – veins – back to the heart… 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels

8 Arteries and arterioles Arteries carry blood _________ the heart. Their walls have 3 layers. –Thin inner ____________ –Thick ___________ layer –Outer ____________ tissue _____________ are small arteries that regulate blood pressure. 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels

9 Capillaries Microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules Made of ________ of epithelial tissue Form beds of vessels where __________ with body cells occurs Combined large _____________ 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels

10 Figure 5.2 Structure of a capillary bed. 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels Capillaries Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. v. v. = vein; a. = artery valve blood flow blood flow connective tissue artery arteriole capillary bed arteriovenous shunt vein venule smooth muscle endothelium elastic tissue precapillary sphincter (left): © Ed Reschke; (right): © Biophoto Associates/Photo Researchers

11 Veins and venules ___________ are small veins that receive blood from the capillaries. Venule and vein walls have 3 layers. –Thin inner __________ –Thick ______________ layer –Outer ___________ tissue Veins carry blood __________ the heart. Veins that carry blood against gravity have _______ to keep blood flowing toward the heart. 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels

12 How can you tell the difference between an artery and vein? Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. arteriovenous shunt vein venule arteriole artery connective tissue v.=vein; a.=artery blood flow valve blood flow smooth muscle endothelium elastic tissue precapillary sphincter v. a. (left): © Ed Reschke Figure 5.2 Structure of a capillary bed. 5.2 The Types of Blood Vessels

13 Anatomy of the heart Large, muscular organ consisting of mostly cardiac tissue called the ___________ Surrounded by a sac called the ____________ Consists of 2 sides, right and left, separated by a _______ Consists of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles 2 sets of valves: semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves (AV valves) Valves produce the _____ and _____ sounds of the heartbeat 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump

14 External anatomy of the heart Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins left atrium left cardiac vein right atrium right coronary artery left ventricle right ventricle left anterior descending coronary artery inferior vena cava apex Figure 5.3 The arteries and veins associated with the human heart. 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump

15 Internal anatomy of the heart Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins semilunar valve left atrium right atrium atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve chordae tendineae papillary muscles right ventricle septum left ventricle inferior vena cava a. Figure 5.4a The heart is a double pump. 5.3 The Heart is a Double Pump