BELL WORK Do you have asthma or are you allergic to anything?

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ALLERGY AND ASTHMA

OBJECTIVES  describe how to manage an allergic reaction.  explain what happens during an asthma attack.  identify ways to manage asthma.

ALLERGIES When a person has an allergy, his or her immune system may react to a harmless substance. allergy An extreme sensitivity to a substance

ALLERGEN When an allergen enters or comes in contact with a person’s body, the immune system reacts as though it were harmful. allergen Substances that cause allergic reactions

POLLEN Every day, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency measures the amount of pollen in the air. pollen A powdery substance released by the flowers of some plants

COMMON ALLERGENS Common Allergens Pollen Insect bites or stings FoodPlants

HISTAMINES Allergens bind to white blood cells called lymphocytes, which then release histamines histamines Chemicals in the body that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction

HIVES Some people get hives as a reaction to an allergen. hives Raised bumps on the skin that are very itchy

RESPONSE TO ALLERGENS Body Responses to Allergens EyesThroatSkin redden, itch, water, eyelids swell difficulty swallowing redness, rash, hives, itching Respiratory SystemDigestive System runny nose, sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing pain, cramps, diarrhea, nausea

ANTIHISTAMINES The three basic ways to manage allergies are: Avoid the allergen Take medications, such as antihistamines Get injections antihistamines Medicines that help control the effects triggered by histamines

ASTHMA More than 20 million people in the United States have asthma. asthma A condition in which the small airways in the lungs narrow, making breathing difficult Some people outgrow their asthma, while others develop the disease in adulthood.

ASTHMA ATTACK An Asthma Attack Healthy bronchial tubes are clear and open. Air passes easily through them to fill tiny air sacs in the lungs. During an asthma attack, muscles around the bronchial tubes tighten. The tubes narrow and their inner lining swells. Excess mucus clogs airways, making breathing difficult.

ASTHMA TRIGGERS Asthma Triggers Tobacco Smoke Air Pollution Animal Dander Cold Air Strenuous Physical Activity Strong Emotions Stress

CARE FOR ASTHMA Strategies for managing asthma include: Manage the environment Manage stress Take medication – Bronchodilators bronchodilators Reliever medications used to relax the muscles around the air passages