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Layers of the heart Internal Structures Normal/ Abnormal 1 Point 2 Points 3 Points 4 Points 5 Points 1 Point 2 Points 3 Points 4 Points 5 Points 3 Points 4 Points 5 Points Blood Flow Location, Location

Separating the right and left pleural cavities, this space is where the heart lies.

What is the media stinum?

If a patient comes in with left heart failure, we would see fluid in the _______?

What are the lungs?

In dogs, the heart lies between the ___ and ___ intercostal space.

What are the 3 rd and 6 th intercostal spaces?

On the left side of the heart, we will find these three valves.

What are the aortic valve, pulmonic valve, and mitral valve?

The myocardium is thicker on the _____ side of the heart.

What is the left side?

This is a thin membrane that covers the inside chambers of the heart.

What is endocardium?

This fibroserous covering is tightly adhered to the heart itself.

What is visceral pericardium?

This is the space between the visceral and parietal pericardium.

What is the pericardial sac?

This muscular layer is the bulk of the heart.

What is the myocardium?

The visceral pericardium is also known as this layer.

What is epicardium?

This vein receives blood from the head, neck, chest wall, and thoracic limbs.

What is the cranial vena cava?

This valve prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium.

What is the right Atrioventricular (AV) valve?

This chamber pumps deoxygenated blood to low pressure pulmonary circulation.

What is the right ventricle?

This vessel carries deoxygenated blood into the lungs.

What is the pulmonary artery?

These vessels take oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the right atrium.

What are pulmonary veins?

These fine, thread-like cords connect the atrioventricular valves to the appropriate ventricular muscle

What are the chordae tendinae?

This muscle attaches to the inside of the ventricles on the interventricular septum.

What is the papillary muscle?

This band of tissue originates at the interventricular septum and attaches to the outside wall of the right ventricle, giving it additional structural support.

What is the moderator band?

These valves are also known as tricuspid valves.

What are the AV valves?

This is a fetal opening on the interventricular septum that should eventually close as the animal matures.

What is the foramen ovale?

This common heart defect in dogs is due to failed closure between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

Normally, the first “lub” sound is due to the closure of these valves.

What are the AV valves?

An animal with low systolic pressure is known to have this condition.

What is hypotension?

Due to narrowing of the pulmonary artery, the right heart muscle will thicken because it has to work harder in an animal with this condition.

What is pulmonic stenosis?

While listening at the points of maximum intensity, this condition will be heard as a “swooshing” rather than a “lub-dub”.

What is a heart murmur?

Make your wager

The small window where the heart make contact with the thoracic wall is known as this.

What is the cardiac notch?

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