Perfect Tense Translates: “has verbed,” “verbed,” “did verb”

Review: Present, Imperfect, and Future Tense So far, we have formed our verbs by taking the 2 nd principal part, aka the INFINITIVE – Present tense 2 nd prin.part – (-re) + (o,s,t,mus,tis,nt) = verbs, is verbing does verb – Imperfect tense 2 nd prin.part– (-re) + (-ba-) + (m,s,t,mus,tis,nt) = verbed, was verbing, did verb – Future tense 2 nd prin.part – (-re) + (bo,bis,bit,bimus,bitis,bunt OR am,es,et,emus,etis,ent) = will verb

Formula for Translating Principal Parts Amo, amare, amavi, amatus = love – Amo = I love – Amare = to love – Amavi = I HAVE loved – Amatus... We’ll deal with that later So, the first 3 principal parts of any verb translate like so: – I verb, to verb, I have verbed

Different Principal Part for Perfect! Present, imperfect and future tense all come from the 2 nd principal part because they are UNFINISHED actions and the second principal part has an unfinished meaning Perfect is a FINISHED action, so we use the principal part with a FINISHED meaning – the 3 rd principal part

Perfect Endings Perfect has its own set of endings. Yes, you need to memorize them. – ī -imus – istī -istis – it -ērunt N.B. mnemonic device -ērunt sounds like a foghorn foghorn Eeeeruuuuunt

Amo, amare, amavi, amatus - love Present Amo - – I love, am loving, do love Amas – you love, are loving, do love Amat - – he loves, is loving, does love Amamus - – we love, are loving, do love Amatis – – y’all love, are loving, do love Amant – – they love, are loving, do love Perfect Amavi – – I have loved, I loved, I did love Amavisti – – you have loved, you loved, you did love Amavit – – He has loved, he loved, he did love Amavimus – – We have loved, we loved, we did love Amavistis – – Y’all have loved, y’all loved, y’all did love Amaverunt – – they have loved, they loved, they did love

Habeo, Habere, Habui, Habitus - have Present Habeo- – I Have, am having, do Have habes – you Have, are having, do Have habet - – he Has, is having, does Have habemus - – we Have, are having, do Have habetis – – y’all Have, are having, do Have habent – – they Have, are having, do Have Perfect Habui – – I have had, I had, I did have Habuisti – – You have had, you had, you did have habuit – – He has had, he had, he did have habuimus – – We have had, we had, we did have habuistis – – Y’all have had, y’all had, y’all did have habuerunt – – They have had, they had, they did have

Rego, regere, rexi, rectus - rule Present Rego - – I rule, am ruling, do rule regis – you rule, are ruling, do rule regit - – he rules, is ruling, does rule regimus - – we rule, are ruling, do rule regitis – – y’all rule, are ruling, do rule regunt – – they rule, are ruling, do rule Perfect Rexi– – I have ruled, I ruled, I did rule Rexisti– – you have ruled, you ruled, you did rule Rexit– – He has ruled, he ruled, he did rule Reximus– – We have ruled, We ruled, We did rule Rexistis– – Y’all have ruled, Y’all ruled, Y’all did rule Rexerunt– – They have ruled, they ruled, They did rule

Capio, capere, cepi, captus - capture Present Capio- – I capture, am capturing, do capture capis - – you capture, are capturing, do capture capit - – he captures, is capturing, does capture capimus - – we capture, are capturing, do capture capitis – – y’all capture, are capturing, do capture capiunt – – they capture, are capturing, do capture Perfect Cepi– – I have captured, I captured, I did capture Cepisti– – You have captured, You captured, You did capture Cepit– – He has captured, He captured, He did capture Cepimus– – We have captured, We captured, We did capture Cepistis– – Y’all have captured, Y’all captured, Y’all did capture Ceperunt– – They have captured, They captured, They did capture

Audio, Audire, Audivi, Auditus - hear Present audio - – I hear, am hearing, do hear audis – you hear, are hearing, do hear audit - – he hears, is hearing, does hear audimus - – we hear, are hearing, do hear auditis – – y’all hear, are hearing, do hear audiunt – – they hear, are hearing, do hear Perfect Audivi– – I have heard, I heard, I did hear Audivisti– – You have heard, You heard, You did hear Audivit– – He has heard, He heard, He did hear Audivimus– – We have heard, we heard, We did hear Audivistis– – Y’all have heard, Y’all heard, Y’all did hear Audiverunt– – They have heard, They heard, They did hear

To Form Perfect Conjugation 3 rd principal part – (-ī) + (ī,isti,it,imus,istis,erunt) Translates: has/have verbed, verbed, did verb Key Word: HAS/HAVE  indicates finished action

Clues to recognize 3 rd principal part V, S, U, X, stem change – Portavi – Misit (from mitto, mittere, misi, missus) – Habuisti – Reximus – Ceperunt

Translation Practice Portavi – I have carried Viderunt – They have seen Dedisti – You have given

Homework Conjugate and translate each form for the verbs in the perfect tense Laudo, laudare, laudavi, laudatus Do, dare, dedi, datus Doceo, docere, docui, doctus Duco, ducere, duxi, ductus - lead Mitto, mittere, misi, missus