High Efficiency Waste Cooking Oil Refinery Plant Can Produce Portable Biomass Energy Wataru IIJIMA, Yuichi KOBAYASHI, Kazuhiro TAKEKURA, Hitoshi KATO, Ken TANIWAKI Biomass National Agricultural Research Center, NARO, JAPAN APAN Field Server/Sensor Network Workshop 29. Aug. 2007

Problems in Traditional Process Introduction of STING-process Background About Biodiesel Fuel Problems in Traditional Process Introduction of STING-process Portable Production Units Production Costs Conclusions Contents W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

· Portable Energy Station is useful for field server in no-electricity area. · Carbon-neutral Energy is desired. · Biodiesel Fuel is one of promising fuel for alternative diesel fuel. · There is a some problems for portable plant using traditional biodiesel production process. · We would like to suggest another technologies. Background W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Biodiesel Fuel is Biomass-oriented Alternative Diesel Fuel Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) from Plant Oils and Animal Fats by Transesterification and Esterification Hydrocarbon by Pyrolysis by HDO (removal Oxygen by Hydrogen) from All Biomass by FT (Fisher-Tropsch) process Biodiesel Fuel W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Methyl Ester Production from Oils and Fats CH2OCOR1 CH2OH CH3OCOR1 CHOCOR2 + 3CH3OH ⇔ CHOH + CH3OCOR2 CH2OCOR3 CH2OH CH3OCOR3 Triacylglycerol (Fat and Oil) Methanol Glycerol Fatty Acid Methyl Esters R4COOH + CH3OH ⇔ H2O + R4COOCH3 Free Fatty Acid Methanol Water Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Methyl Ester Production from Oils and Fats W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Biodiesel Fuel Reference the comprehensive handbook ISBN: 3-200-00249-2 Biodiesel Fuel Reference W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Traditional Base-catalytic Process Oil Methanol Catalyst Residues Deacidification Water Ddehydration Methanol Transesterification Separation Upper Phase Lower Phase Evaporation Evaporation Washing Water Waste Glycerol Water Purification Waste Water Separation Water Fuel Dehydration Traditional Base-catalytic Process W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Problems in Traditional Process · Can't esterified Free Fatty Acid · Need large amount of water for washing · Need many process in purification and neutralization of fuel and waste water · Produce by-products such as glycerol Problems in Traditional Process W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

STING-process Non-Catalytic Process No Glycerol Production Simultaneous reaction of Transesterification and crackING The Complex Reaction of Methanolysis, Pylolysis, Cracking, and Methlation in Supercritical Methanol 460ºC, 20MPa, 5min Non-Catalytic Process No Glycerol Production Improvement of the Fuel Characteristics STING-process W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Simultaneous Reactions CH2OCOR1 CH2OH CH3OCOR1 CHOCOR2 + 3CH3OH ⇔ CHOH + CH3OCOR2 CH2OCOR3 CH2OH CH3OCOR3 Triacylglycerol (Fat and Oil) Methanol Glycerol Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Transesterification & Thermal Cracking Oleic Acid Methyle Ester + Nonaic Acid Methyle Ester Decanol Simultaneous Reactions W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

STING-process Fuel Separation Evaporation 0.2% Glycerol Oil Methanol Catalyst Residues Deacidification Separation Lower Phase Washing Water Waste Water Purification Waste Glycerol Evaporation Upper Phase Dehydration Water Ddehydration Methanol Reaction Transesterification Water Dehydration Fuel STING-process W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Verification Test Plant Manual Operation Lower Price by Taishou rika K.K. Verification Test Plant by HARAKOSAN CO., Ltd. Compact Type Automatic Operation by 81 Co., Ltd. Type 2 Type 1 Labo-scale Bench-scale STING Plants W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

3,300 Production Ability: 5~25 L/H Reaction Pressure : Max. 25 MPa Reaction Temperature : Max. 600ºC Reaction Time: 5 min Power Consumption: Start Up: 9kW Steady State: 2~4kW 1,500 mm 1,500 1,500 Bench-scale Plant W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Portable Energy Station STING Plant Oil (10L) Fuel (11L) Methanol (5L) External Power (4L) Standard Fuel Production Unit Oil (10L) Methanol (5L) (4L) STING Plant Fuel (8L) Generator (3L) Standalone Fuel Production Unit STING Plant Oil (10L) Methanol (5L) Generator (4L) Fuel (11L) Electricity (50~60kW) Standalone CoGeneration Unit Hot Water Portable Energy Station W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

Production Costs Standard Fuel Production Unit The trial condition Price of Instrument: €100,000~ € 133,333 (\15,000,000~\20,000,000) depreciate for 8 years Power: Three-phase 200V, 9kW Operation Condition: 24hours continuous running （Availability 90%) Fuel Production Quantity: 6L/h　（3,888L/Month) Standard Fuel Production Unit Electricity Cost： €0.12/L (\ 19/L) Depreciation Cost： €0.27/L (\ 40/L) + Material costs and Personnel costs Standalone Fuel Production Unit Electricity Cost： € 0/L (\ 0/L) Depreciation Cost： €0.38/L (\ 57/L) + Material costs and Personnel costs Standalone Cogeneration Unit Electricity Cost： € 0/kWh (\ 0/kWh) Depreciation Cost： €0.05/kWh (\ 7/kWh) + Material costs and Personnel costs Production Costs W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007

· Portable Energy Station was suggested for rural area energy supply. · STING-process is no-catalytic and no-by-product process. · STING-process was suitable for Portable Energy Station. · Bench-scale portable plant is now developing. · Production costs was about € 0.4/L without material costs and personnel costs. Conclusions W. IIJIMA 29/Aug./2007