Reconfiguring Access: Issues for Transport Users, Providers, and e-Researchers William Dutton Oxford Internet Institute (OII) University of Oxford Presentation for the 8th International Conference on Survey Methods in Transport, Annecy, France, May 2008.

1. Transport Users and Providers:  Reshaping the Industry  The Emergence of a 5th Estate 2. Transport Researchers  Advances in e-Research  Certainty Trough or Experience Technology Reconfiguring Access: Relevance to Transport Survey Researchers

2003, 2005 and 2007 (next in 2009) Cross-sectional Surveys versus Panels Multi-Stage Probability Sample England, Scotland & Wales Respondents: 14 years and older Face-to-face Interviews Sponsorship from Hefce, AOL, BT, British Library, Cisco, Ofcom, Wanadoo (Orange), Talisma Embedded with World Internet Project Oxford Internet Surveys

Sample Sizes and Response Rates Fielded inJune-JulyFebruary- March March - April Number of respondents 2,0302,1852,350 Response rate 66%72%77%

Diffusion of the Internet in Britain

Broadband

Reconfiguring Access

Going to the Web for Information

The Ways Users Get Information

Trust in Media, UK, 2007 (Reliability of Information)

Digital Divides: Income and Internet Use OxIS 2005: N=2,185; OxIS 2007: N=2,350

Life Stage and Internet Use

Internet Uses - Factors 1.Civic Participation: joined civic organisation, contacted a politician, signed a petition. 2.Entertainment: downloaded music, videos, participated in chat rooms. 3.E-Government: get information about Local Council services, get information about Central Government services, to pay for a tax. 4.Learning: getting information for school related projects, distance learning. 5.Social Network: posted messages or pictures online, created a profile in a social network site. 6.News-Information: Looking for news, social events, health information. 7.Finance: using bank online services, paying bills. 8.Shopping: getting information about a product or service, buying a product or service. 9.Diary: Write a Blog, maintain a personal website. 10.Travel: making travel plans or reservations. 11.Person to person Network: sending or getting jokes, send attachment with your Fact Checking: find or check a fact, look up the definition of a word

Internet Uses

Explaining Internet Use for Travel Travel Planning Online Where did you start using the Internet 0.04* Ability to use the Internet Age Gender Marital Status Life Stage Household Income Disability Social Grade Ethnicity Years using the Internet Frequency of Internet Use * ** ** 0.06

Who uses the Internet for making Travel plans? Where did you start using the Internet Age Marital Status Life Stage Years using the Internet + Internet Café, at another person’s home, at home, at work years, years Living together with a partner, Married Employed, Retired > 5 years - Public library, at School/At university years, 65+ Single, Divorced or separated Student, Unemployed/Other < 6 months, Between 6 months and 1 year

 Press in the 18th Century -- the Fourth Estate  Internet in the 21st -- enabling a Fifth Estate Enabling people to network with other individuals and with information, services and technical resources in ways that support social accountability in business and industry, government, politics, and other sectors. The Fourth and Fifth Estates

 Public Sphere (Habermas)  Information Commons  Space of Flows (Castells)  Engineered Information Space (Berners-Lee)  Fifth Estate Alternative Conceptions

 Networked Institutions, such as in e-Health, on- line travel services to complement agencies  Networked Individuals of the Fifth Estate:  going to the Internet for health and medical information, or travel information  collaborative network organizations, such as physicians via Sermo, or transport survey researchers Networked Institutions v Networked Individuals

Arenas Shaped by 5 th Estate Travel and Transport Governance and Democracy Press and Media Business and Commerce Work and the Organization Education Research

1st Estate: Clergy -- today’s public intellectual: ‘Culture of Amateurism’ 2nd Estate: Nobility -- economic elites, ‘Edison’s of the Digital Age’ 3rd Estate: Commons -- Government: Internet Filtering, Regulation 4th Estate: Press -- Co-opting, Imitating, Competing The Mob -- Malicious Use of the Internet, Undermining Trust and Confidence Threats to the Fifth Estate

Increasing Concerns over Privacy

Non-Trivial -- Central but Divided Infrastructure Enabling Networked Individuals Space of Flows: Not Dependent on Universal Access Trust in an Experience Technology Institutional Arenas and the Fifth Estate Threats to the Fifth Estate Evidence: A Pattern of Findings The Emergence of a Fifth Estate

1. Transport Users and Providers:  Reshaping the Industry  The Emergence of a 5th Estate 2. Transport Researchers  Advances in e-Research  Certainty Trough or Experience Technology Reconfiguring Access: Relevance to Transport Survey Researchers

The Diffusion of e-Research: Participants, Spectators and the Disengaged Oxford e-Social Science Node of UK National Centre for eSocial Science Case Studies of e-Science: Legal, Ethical, Social Issues Survey on Awareness of e-Social Science

Certainty Trough

Sample

Disciplines

Interest in e-Social Science Initiatives

Researcher Type Clusters

Year of Degree

Perspective on e-Research

Methodological Approaches

Use of Tools

Use of Data Sets

Coding and Designing Applications

Collaboration with other Researchers

Collaboration Tools

Attitudes towards e- Research (I)

Attitudes towards e- Research (II)

Attitudes towards e- Research (III)

Uncertainty towards e- Research by Proximity

Support to e-Research by Proximity

Reconfiguring Access: Enabling New Forms of Social Accountability and Collaborative Network Organizations (a Fifth Estate) Experience Shaping the Diffusion of e- Research and the Internet

Reconfiguring Access: Issues for Transport Users, Providers, and e-Researchers William Dutton Oxford Internet Institute (OII) University of Oxford Presentation for the 8th International Conference on Survey Methods in Transport, Annecy, France, May 2008.

Researcher Type Clusters

Uncertainty towards e- Research by Perspective

Support to e-Research by Perspective

Proximity to e-Research by Perspective

Use of Analysis Software

Use of Software (I)

Use of Software (II)