LINUX/UNIX WORKSTATIONS Franklin Montenegro Carlos Sierra

What is Unix/Linux  Unix is a powerful, multi-user environment that has been implemented on a variety of platforms.  Unix was developed at Bell Labs in 1969,  Many others have contributed to its evolution.  Examples of Unix implementations include Mac OS X/Darwin (Apple), GNU/Linux, AIX (IBM), Solaris (Sun), IRIX (SGI), and FreeBSD.  They have different graphical interfaces, but from the Unix shell, a command line feature common to all versions, they are very similar.  In reality, Unix is not so much a single operating system as it is a standard upon which organizations and companies base their own systems.

UNIX’S History  In the 1960s MIT, Bell Laboratories, and General Electric developed Multics to run a main frame  Multics needs work  1969 Bell Laboratories developed Unix to replace Multics  UNIX is reliable, begins spreading to universities, large corporations, and non profits.  UNIX takes form (small and large vendors)  Today, the definition of UNIX takes the form of the worldwide Single UNIX Specification integrating X/Open Company's XPG4, IEEE's POSIX Standards and ISO C.

Chronology

Main Changes/History  1971 first available as an assembly language  1973 coded in “C” (portable, changes OS )  1976 UNIX becomes commercially available to all for the first time.  1979 UC Berkeley begins using UNIX to run its workstations for academic use.  1982 UNIX becomes publicly available for the first time (Sun’s OS 1, HP-UX, and Ultrix-11)

Main Changes/History  1984 University of California at Berkeley releases 4.2BSD  1991 Linus Torvalds commences Linux development  1999 UNIX 30 th Anniversary. IEEE begins revising UNIX into a single specification  2009 UNIX $69 billion in sales, 74 billion by 2013  2010 Apple reports 50 million desktops and growing, all certified as UNIX systems

What is Linux  Linux is an open source UNIX like operating system developed by Linus Torvalds in  It was originally developed of x86 (PC platform), computer but has since exploded and is now ported to more computer systems than any others.  Linux distribution platform (Debian, UBUNTU, and FEDORA)

Linux/UNIX Workstation  Computer intended for use by one person, but with a much faster processor and more memory than an ordinary personal computer. Workstations are designed for powerful business applications that do large numbers of calculations or require high-speed graphical displays; the requirements of CAD/CAM systems were one reason for their initial development. Because of their need for computing power, they are often based on RISC processors and generally use UNIX as their operating system.  An early workstation was introduced in 1987 by Sun Microsystems; workstations introduced in 1988 from Apollo, Ardent, and Stellar were aimed at 3D graphics applications. The term workstation is also sometimes used to mean a personal computer connected to a mainframe computer, to distinguish it from “dumb” display terminals with limited applications.  In all cases, the term implies a machine with a fast CPU and large amounts of memory and disk that is geared toward the professional user rather than the consumer.

Commands  Linux is a command prompt base operating system.  Here are some of them.