TECHNICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF LNG CARRIER’S PROPULSION MACHINERY USING JATROPHA BIAO DIESEL FUEL 1 Prof. M. A. Mosaad Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Egypt

Abstract A promising alternative fuel Jatropha methyl easter has drawn the attention of researchers in recent times as a high potential substrate for production of biodiesel fuel. In this paper the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine when fuelled with JME, diesel oil and natural gas are evaluated experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results showed that the thermal and volumetric efficiency of diesel engine is higher than Jatropha biodiesel engine. The specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, HC, CO2 and NO were comparatively higher in Jatropha biodiesel. While an appreciable increase in CO emission when using diesel. 2

3 The CFD offers a powerful and convenient way to help understanding physical and chemical processes involved in internal combustion engines between diesel oil fuel and JME fuel. It concluded that the deviation between diesel fuel pressure and JME not exceeds 3 bar and the trend for compression pressure almost same. The temperature deviation between diesel fuel and JME not exceeds 40 k and the trend for temperature almost same. Finally the maximum heat release rate of JME is lower than that of diesel fuel. The experimental and CFD investigations indicated that the Jatropha biodiesel can be used instead of diesel fuel oil with safe engine operation

Introduction 4 4 LNG Carriers in Service or Under Construction (2015)

5 Introduction Aim of the study

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The study scenarios: Experimental Setup and Results 1 st phase Experimental Set Up 2 nd phase Instrumentation and Measurements 3 rd phase Instruments Calibration 4 th phase Uncertainties And Error Analysis 5 th phase Experimental Results And Discussion 7

8 Experimental Setup and Results ITEMSSPECIFICATIONS Make/model Apan Diesel India Brake power (kW) 7.5 Rated speed (rpm) 1200 Number of cylinders One – cylinder Aspiration Natural Cooling system Air cooler Cycles Four stroke engine Bore 102 mm Stroke 110 mm Compression ratio 16.5 Cubic capacity 896 cc Starting Manual Coupling Flexible Fuel Tank capacity 7.5 liter Lubrication oil type SAE 30/ 40

Measurement s installation Measurement s installation Equipment calibration Record readings Average readings Final measured data Check Exhaust gas analyzer Check Exhaust gas analyzer Reading accuracy Reading accuracy Yes No Experimental test procedures 9 Experimental Setup and Results

Experimental Results and Discussion Brake Thermal Efficiency 10 Experimental Setup and Results The thermal efficiency for diesel oil increased by 1.2% and the characteristics are almost same

Experimental Results and Discussion Volumetric Efficiency 11 Experimental Setup and Results Volumetric efficiency slightly higher when diesel fuel is used as a fuel but the maximum increased about 1.4%.

12 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 12 Engine Mesh – 3 D Model – CA – 965,000 Cells – Mixed type cells – Δt = 0.5 CA

The study scenarios: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 1 st phase Building a valid CFD model 2nd phase SIMULATED CFD model SIMULATED CFD model 13

Diesel engine Experimenta l results Assign measuring readings Boundary conditions Geometry drawing Mesh generatio n Solver governing equations CFD model Run package CFD results Error analysis Valid CFD Model Measuremen t readings Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 1 st phase Building a valid CFD model 14

15 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 15 Model Validation Experimental & CFD model comparison error 7% Over predication 7%

Valid CFD Model JME Diesel oil Comparison study CFD results for diesel oil CFD results for JME 2nd phase SIMULATED CFD model 16 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

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Results and discussion COMPARISON BY USING P- Θ CURVE pressure Contour using Diesel oil pressure Contour using JME CFD Contour for static pressure before compression 18

CFD P- θ curves for Diesel oil Pressure – crank angle diagram for JME and diesel COMPARISON BY USING P- Θ CURVE CFD P- θ curves for JME 19 Results and discussion Indicated Pressure decreased by 6.4% when using Jatropha biodiesel as compared with diesel fuel cylinder indicated pressure

Comparison By Using Temperature Curve Temperature Contour of combustion using JME Temperature Contour of combustion using Diesel oil Temperature Contour before injection 20 Results and discussion

Comparison By Using Temperature Curve Combustion temperature using diesel oil Combustion temperature using JME Temperature – crank angle diagram for JME and diesel 21 Results and discussion Exhaust temperature increased by 4.3% when used Jatropha biodiesel

Comparison By Using P-V Diagram 22 Results and discussion The work done for diesel oil is increased by about 3% more than JME

Comparison By Using Heat Release Curves heat release curves for dieselheat release curves for JME 23 Results and discussion

Comparison By Using Heat Release Curves Heat release curves for diesel and JME 24 Results and discussion The maximum heat release rate of JME is lower than that of diesel fuel, the maximum heat release rate of JME is J/deg CA compared with J/deg CA for diesel fuel.

Nitric Monoxide NO Emissions NOx emissions Contour of Diesel oil NOx emissions Contour of JME 25 Results and discussion

Nitric Monoxide NO Emissions NOx emission curves for diesel oil and JME 26 Results and discussion NOx emissions of JME was increased by about 9% as compared to diesel fuel

CO2 EMISSIONS CO2 emissions Contour for JME CO2 emissions Contour for Diesel oil 27 Results and discussion

CO2 EMISSIONS 28 Results and discussion CO2 emissions Contour for JME and diesel oil The JME CO2 emission increased by 7%

Conclusions Experimental & CFD model comparison error was 7% The work done for diesel oil is increased by about 3% more than JME Indicated Pressure decreased by 6.4% when using Jatropha biodiesel as compared with diesel fuel cylinder indicated pressure Exhaust temperature increased by 4.3% when used Jatropha biodiesel. 29

Conclusions The thermal efficiency for diesel oil increased by 1.2% and the characteristics are almost same Volumetric efficiency slightly higher when diesel fuel is used as a fuel but the maximum increased about 1.4%. NOx emissions of JME was increased by about 9% as compared to diesel fuel The JME CO2 emission increased by 7% The CO emissions for JME is lower than diesel oil by 6.4%. 30

Overall Conclusions The overall conclusion of the experiments and the CFD study shown that the JME successfully replace pilot diesel oil in dual engine burning natural gas in LNG carriers. 31

Recommendations for future work The experiments may be repeated for a high power diesel engine and more engine settings to study different types of Jatropha biodiesel Contaminants. Study the injection timings and excess air ratio for each type. Measure the temperature in the combustion chamber instead of exhaust manifold. 32 Study the effect of changing injection timing in diesel engine performance when using JME and diesel fuel The properties of JME must be carefully studied in order to reduce the emission produce from JME

33 THANK YOU