1. i.C engines Prepared By: Dr.S.MAGBUL HUSSAIN PROFESSOR AND HOD
Department of Mechanical Engineering 1

2. Birth of Internal Combustion Engine
Huygens Gunpowder Engine (1673)
Invented gun powder based engine for pumping water.
Nicolaus August Otto ( 1876 )
Rudolf Diesel (1892)
Invented four-stroke compression-ignition engine
Patent No
Invented four-stroke spark-ignition engine
Patent No
η = 14% @ 160 RPM

3. Engine – An Energy converter
Chemical Energy
Heat Energy
Combustion
Mechanical Energy
Piston Expansion

4. Combustion Vs Explosion
Oxidation Reaction
Fuel – Substance that give out useful energy through chemical reaction.
Air – source of oxygen
Combustion confined in a fixed boundary – EXPLOSION
Controlled Combustion is achieved through piston expansion
smoke
Fuel
oxygen
Co2
H2o
Heat Energy + +
unburned
Blue flame – premixed – High temp
Yellow flame - Rich

5. What is an Internal Combustion Engine
Air and Fuel in correct proportion (Air –Fuel Ratio).
For Hydrocarbon fuel 14.7 kg of air per kg of fuel
Ignition source
Auto Ignition Temperature for
Petrol – 260 °C Spark Ignited
Diesel – 210 °C Compression Ignited
Ignition Timing
Combustion should occur at appropriate interval during the cycle

6. Fuel Types Less volatile Highly volatile Less auto ignition temp
Gasoline
Diesel
Less volatile
Less auto ignition temp
Highly volatile
High auto ignition temp

7. Identify the stroke ??
Spark plug

8. Internal Combustion Engine in reality
Four Stroke
EVENTS
1. Intake or suction - 0° to 180°
2. Compression ° to 360°
Ignition (Petrol) or Fuel Injection (Diesel)
3. Combustion or Expansion ° to 540°
4. Exhaust ° to 720°
PARTS
Intake Valve
Cam Shaft
Head Cover
Exhaust Valve
Intake Port
Spark Plug
Engine Head
Exhaust Port
Cooling Water Jacket
Piston
Connecting Rod
Cylinder Block
Crank Pin
Oil Pan Cover
Crank Shaft
Oil sump

9. Valve Timing Diagram of 4S Engine
COMPRESSION
EXPANSION
SUCTION
EXHAUST
EVC
15˚a TDC
EXHAUST
VALVE
EVENTS
1. Intake or suction - 46° b TDC to 72° a BDC
2. Compression - 72° a BDC to 0° TDC
Ignition (Petrol) or Fuel Injection (Diesel) - 20° b TDC
3. Combustion or Expansion - 0° TDC to 39° b BDC
4. Exhaust - 39° b BDC to 15° a TDC
INTAKE
VALVE
735°
-46 °
252°
360°
501°
IVO
46˚b TDC
IVC
72˚a BDC
EVO
39˚b BDC 0°
TDC
180°
BDC
360°
TDC
540°
BDC
720°
TDC

10. Two Stroke EVEEVENTS EVENTS Combustion or Expansion - 0° to 120°
Scavenging ° to 180°
Filling- 180° to 210°
Compression- 210° to 180°
Ignition (Petrol) or Fuel Injection (Diesel)

11. - Displacement of exhaust gas by fresh charge.
Scavenging
- Displacement of exhaust gas by fresh charge.
Cross Flow Scavenging
Loop scavenging
Uniflow scavenging

12. Identify the pistons used in various engines ??
(b)
(c)
2 stroke petrol Engine
4 stroke petrol Engine
4 stroke Diesel Engine

13. Modes of Ignition Spark Ignited Compression Ignited
Fuels with high autoignition temperature
External ignition source – Spark plug.
Start of combustion is determined by spark timing.
Progressive combustion.
Demerit – possibility of
knock.
Compression Ignited
Autoignition is achieved by compression of air.
Start of combustion is determined by fuel injection timing.
Air-fuel Mixing and combustion occurs simultaneously – Diffusion combustion.
Demerit – Smoke emission.

14. Maruti –Suzuki SWIFT Engine Specification
ENGINE CAPACITY NO OF CYLINDERS NO OF VALVES BORE x STROKE COMPRESSION RATIO MAXIMUM POWER MAXIMUM TORQUE FUEL DISTRIBUTION AIR CHARGING SYSTEM EMISSION
K –Series Petrol with VVT
1197cc 4 16
73mm x 71.5mm
11.0 : 1
rpm
rpm
Multi- point injection
Naturally Aspirated
BS 4
DDis diesel engine
1248cc 4 16
69.6 mm x 82 mm
17.6 : 1
rpm
rpm
CRDI
Fixed geometry turbo charger
BS 4

15. SI Engine Fuel Supply Strategies

16. Electronic Fuel Injection SYSTEM

17. Port Fuel Injection (PFI)
Better cold starting .
Low Hydrocarbon Emissions.
Improved Drivability.

18. MPFI

19. Electronic sensors and actuators of Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engine

20. GDI

21. GDI Operation Modes

22. Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Multiple injection per cycle.
Reduce Throttling losses
Better efficiency.
Stratified and Homogeneous combustion.
TYPES :

23. CRDI

24. Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Multiple injection per cycle.
High rated engine speed.
Reduced engine noise.
Better efficiency.
Higher injection pressure of upto bar.

25. Emission Carbon Dioxide - CO2 Carbon Monoxide – CO
Hydro-Carbon – HC [SI]
Oxides of Nitrogen – NOx [CI]
Particulate Matter – PM [CI]
Emissions in gram per kWh

26. Smoke colour and its reason:

27. Emission Control Three way and Two way catalytic converter
Oxidise CO and HC – by Platinum or Palladium.
Reduce NOx – by Rhodium.
Used in SI engine.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Recirculation of exhaust gas back to cylinder.
Reduces peak temperature in cylinder.
Thus Reduce the NOx .
Types – Hot EGR and Cold EGR.

28. Turbocharger Recover part of energy lost in exhaust.
Improve volumetric efficiency.
Increases power to weight ratio.

29. Types of Turbocharger Waste gate turbocharger
Variable nozzle turbocharger

30. Identify the Engine Parts:
Cam shaft
Rocker Arm
Throttle
(part of
intake system)
Diesel Injector

31. During starting and warm-up
Liquid Cooling System
Normal Operation
During starting and warm-up
Radiator
Engine

32. During starting and warm-up
Liquid Cooling System
Normal Operation
During starting and warm-up
Radiator
Engine

33. THANK YOU