Andrew Monteith Division of Technical Support Department of Safeguards IAEA Standards and Procedures for the Authorization of Safeguards Instruments Andrew Monteith Division of Technical Support Department of Safeguards Introduction Thanks to organizers for offering the opportunity to present at AAP2007

Outline Overview of IAEA activities Examples of safeguards equipment in use Development cycle for SG equipment Conclusions The talk will serve as an introduction to the Agency’s equipment in use and development cycle. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

IAEA Safeguards Objectives Safeguards are applied by the IAEA to verify the correctness and completeness of declarations made by States about the exclusively peaceful use of their nuclear material and activities and thereby reducing the risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons. Refer you to Dr Bowyer talk last year on Agency Safeguards for a more in depth approach to the subject as well as the Agency website. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Safeguards Implementation ~ 900 facilities in 71 countries ~ 2,100 inspections/year ~ 250 Safeguards Inspectors Limited funding ~ €110M regular budget Improving implementation through Additional Protocol Integrated Safeguards (IS) Approach 144 Member States in total 2,300 Professional and Support Staff in total Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

IAEA SG Techniques / Equipment in use Wide variety of safeguards equipment/techniques such as: Non Destructive Assay (NDA) Containment and Surveillance (C/S) Containment verification Seals Cameras Destructive Analysis (DA) Environmental Sampling (ES) Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Non Destructive Assay (NDA) ~100 different types of NDA equipment : Quantitative and qualitative verification of Plutonium and Uranium in nuclear materials Gamma and neutron radiation detection Other physical property measurements (e.g. weight, volume, light, sound, heat) Attended and unattended mode Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Containment and Surveillance (C/S) Seals Adhesive - Short term use only (up to a few hours)–Inexpensive-Easy to use. 15000 per year Metal - Most popular Seal –Simple-Small-Inexpensive- Withstands very harsh environments. But must be verified at HQ, 25000 per year COBRA – 64 fibres, randomly severed AECL Random Coil – Single use ultrasonic Variable Code Sealing System – battery powered, in-situ, remote monitoring, 1500 TRFS – Battery powered radio frequency seal, 100 in use Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Containment and Surveillance (C/S) ALIS - single camera applications where the cameras are located in easy to access positions ALIP - Portable, battery-powered single camera SDIS - For RM and UM applications in complex facilities requiring multiple (up to 6) cameras DMOS - For RM and UM applications in complex facilities requiring multiple (up to 16) cameras ~ 1,000 cameras in use Radiation tolerant Based on DCM-14 digital camera module includes transmission and storage of authenticated and encrypted digital images NGSS - TCP/IP networking over Ethernet, high res and full colour, Scalable removable storage media, up to 1 image per second. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Unattended Monitoring Primary Advantages More effective safeguards through continuous monitoring Reduced inspection efforts / Reduced level of intrusiveness in the operation of nuclear facilities. Reduced radiation exposure Primarily measure Radiation but also temperature, flow, vibration and EM field. Need UPS, encrypted transmission, self reporting, must be flexible, modular and highly reliable Systems tested over 90 days at SG Equip Sup Facility. ATPM - Advanced Thermo-hydraulic Power Monitoring used to monitor power output of research reactor. Can verify that output consistent with the operator declared power level. This system monitors the temperature and water flow in the reactor’s primary cooling loop. Because research reactors can modify their core layout and in turn the associated radiation level, this system provides a verification method that is independent of radiation signature. All sensors are installed as duplicate independent sensors (both temperature and flow), whose signals are then independently collected in the main cabinet where they are compared. REPM - Reactor Power Monitor, neutron monitoring system placed outside biological shield. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

DA & ES Elemental Analysis Isotopic Analysis Bulk or trace samples analyzed at SAL or one of the NWAL Elemental Analysis Titration K-edge X-ray densitometry Isotopic dilution mass spectrometry Wavelength dispersive XRF spectrometry Isotopic Analysis TIMS Hi Res -ray spectrometry Alpha spectrometry New Brunswick Laboratory Davies and Gray titration (U content in gram size samples) MacDonald and Savage titration (Pu content) K edge dens. (U, Th and Pu materials and to mixed U–Th or U–Pu samples) XRF concentrations of Th, U, Np, Pu and Am can be determined simultaneously TIMS - employing 3 multidetector MS, each equipped with 9 Faraday cups, (U or Pu) Alpha - parallel with idms for 238Pu abundance or for measurement of Pu in spent fuel & 237Np, 241Am and 244Cm Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Development Implementation Cycle 3 Stages of Development Stage 1 – Category C, Under Development Stage 2 – Category B, Under Evaluation Stage 3 – Category A, Authorized for Inspection Use The entire cycle can last from 3 -10 years depending on the equipment. Anti neutrino detection currently sits below Cat C, ‘pre-C’ if you will. The question you would like answered is how can we persuade the Agency that anti neutrino detection is a ‘good thing’. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Development Cycle R&D awarded to appropriate MSSP Need Solutions Sought Proposals Reviewed R&D Awarded R&D awarded to appropriate MSSP Solutions are sought from MSSP Proposals are reviewed All instrumentation arises from a defined need generated by inspectors or others within the SG Department MSSP are a mechanism by which States can provided support in kind to the Agency (usually through the provision of R&D or personnel). The tasks do not have to be single State. There are a number of JNT tasks on the books at present. There has to be a need expressed There has to be support from your own State There has to be a budget available MSSP Countries – ARG, AUL, BEL, BRZ, CAN, CHI, CZ, EC, FIN, FRA, GER, HUN, JPN, NET, ROK, RSA, RUS, SWE, UK, USA. Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

Roadmap Things that the Agency can do Things that our MSSPs can do Seek out need and prioritize Issue ‘SP-1’ to MSSP Things that our MSSPs can do Present a clear vision of what antineutrino detection can offer the Agency Decide on individual state or joint approach from a technical standpoint Seek out possible sources of funding and resources (lab + field testing, facilities, export assistance etc.) Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007