Emily Gilbert Implications of a North American Security Perimeter on Border and Immigration Practices Emily Gilbert, Canadian Studies and Geography, University of Toronto

A North American Security Perimeter? Proposals for deeper integration –Customs union, common market, monetary union Security and Prosperity Partnership –Security, Prosperity, Quality of Life

Addressing concerns about Canadas lax immigration and security Drawing together economic and security issues Not yet a security perimeter but a rebordering underway What implications for border and immigration practices?

Border Agreements 1)border security – security cooperation and interoperability 2)the NEXUS program – expedited border crossing for members 3)safe third-country agreement – asylum shopping and limiting refugee claims 4)information sharing – national security and racial profiling

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Differential treatment for refugees and non-citizens –Detention, appeal, refoulement –IM1000, security certificates Security continuum: criminalization of refugees

Anti-Terrorism Act Increases police powers, eg surveillance Targets finance and financial assets Enables preventative arrest Concerns about racial profiling

Future Research Framework 1) Citizenship 2) Security 3) Borders 4) Comparative Studies

1) Citizenship Securing citizenship? Transnational citizenship, flexible citizenship, local citizenship Workers and labour rights Detention practices Immigrant experiences

2) Security National security vs. human security National security and human rights Surveillance society Financial terrorism

3) Borders Rebordering and delocalization Geopolitical vs. geoeconomic interests

4) Comparative Studies US Europe Australia