10-1 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Chapter Ten Health Screening and Assessment

10-2 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Purpose of Health Evaluations To understand a child’s health status To identify medical conditions or risk factors for illness or injury To identify children who may benefit from further evaluations or referrals To help families learn about the health of their child To identify gaps in the family’s access to needed resources

10-3 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Managing Health Information Provide a private space for teachers and families to discuss issues without being overheard. Keep all written documents out of view when in use. Store all written documents in a locked file. Ensure that information stored on computers is password- protected. Turn computer screens away from public view when in use. Require the signature of the parent or other person authorized by the parent for the release of children’s health information.

10-4 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador The Child’s Health History A summary of child’s previous health experiences The child’s medical history Information about previous injuries A record of the child’s developmental growth and progress

10-5 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Components of Health History Early development History of illness, disease, injuries, or accidents Immunization status Child safety and risk-taking behaviors Nutritional background Oral health history Mental and emotional health history Health and wellness information about the family

10-6 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador What if… A late-enrolling child arrives on the first day of school with their immunization records in hand that are not up to date? How would you respond?

10-7 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Potential Reactions Following Vaccinations Local reaction (most common)– pain, swelling, redness at site of injection Systematic reaction – generalized symptoms, fever, malaise, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, loss of appetite Allergic reactions (very rare) – life threatening, trouble breathing, weakness, wheezing, hives, and swelling of the throat

10-8 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Nutrition Screening Are there any barriers to providing healthful foods? Is the child’s diet nutritious and age appropriate? What are the child’s eating habits? Does the child have any special dietary needs or food restrictions? Is the child growing appropriately?

10-9 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Oral Health History Has the child had any dental surgery or other procedures? Has the child ever had a dental examination or screening? Is the child under the care of a dentist? Does the child brush her or his own teeth?

10-10 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Mental and Emotional Health History: Social and Emotional Indicators The child’s ability to interact positively with others The child’s ability to control emotions The child’s interest in playing with others Ways the child copes with change and stress Problems or worries the child may have

10-11 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Family Health and Wellness Family medical history Home environment – Smoking in the home, exposure to drugs, exposure to lead – Water sources – Unsafe neighborhoods Family dynamics – Relationships between family members – Familial needs

10-12 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Promoting Health and Wellness Offer healthful food at meals and snack times Feed children breakfast Ensure adequate sleep Provide active play Dress children appropriately Encourage sunscreen use Decrease screen time (television, computers) Increase reading time together Teach children safety habits

10-13 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Health Promotion Topics Reducing children’s exposure to violence Reducing children’s exposure to family stress Creating smoke-free environments

10-14 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Growth Measurements Height and Weight Body Mass Index (BMI) – Calculated by multiplying weight in pounds by 703 and dividing by height in inches squared. – Number is plotted on BMI charts for categories of underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese.

10-15 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Oral Health Assessments Dental caries (cavities) are one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. – Children should have a dental visit by their first birthday. – Children should continue regular visits to the dentist every six months

10-16 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Hearing Screening Hearing loss is the most common congenital condition in the US. Most newborns have a hearing screening within the first few days of life. Hearing loss can occur in both ears or just one.

10-17 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Vision Screening Estimated 5% - 10 % of preschoolers have some type of vision problem. Amblyopia: a condition that causes unfocused vision (lazy eye) Strabismus: a condition in which the eyes are not aligned with one another Refractive disorders: conditions that cause problems with focusing Colorblindness: the inability to distinguish between some colors.

10-18 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Signs of Visual Problems Rubbing eyes frequently Tilting head to look at items Holding objects close to eyes or trouble reading Blinking more than usual Squinting eyes or frowning

10-19 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Screening for Communication Disorders Formalized screening includes speech language pathologists. Input from families and teachers is important. Outcomes are best when communication disorders are diagnosed and treated early. Assessment must be conducted in child’s native language.

10-20 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Sources of Lead Exposure Soil Dust Lead exposure to the fetus in utero Breast milk Lead plumbing Imported pottery or metal vases Industrial sources

10-21 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Developmental Screening Identifies possible developmental delays early so that intervention strategies can be planned and implemented. Identifies children’s strengths and needs and informs the development of appropriate classroom curriculum.

10-22 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador Conducting Daily Health Checks Changes in behavior or appearance Skin rashes, itchy skin or scalp Signs of elevated body temperature Complaints of pain or not feeling well Other signs or symptoms of illness Reports or illness or injury

10-23 © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e Sorte, Daeschel, Amador What if… You notice a child has difficulty speaking so others can understand him? How would you approach the family with your concerns?