A+ Guide to Software Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION Chapter 12 Windows on the Internet

2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition You Will Learn… About the TCP/IP suite of protocols How to connect to the Internet using dial- up, DSL, and cable modem connections About supporting common Internet clients such as Web browsers, clients, and file transfer software

3A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition The TCP/IP Suite of Protocols Client/Server applications have two components:

4A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using IP and Port Address to Identify Services An Internet server might be running many applications simultaneously (e.g., Web, , and FTP services) Clients and servers distinguish the services by the use of an identifying number, known variously as:  Port  Port address  Port number

5A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using IP and Port Address to Identify Services (continued)

6A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Common TCP/IP Port Numbers

7A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Software, Protocols, and Technology on a TCP/IP Network

8A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Application Protocols Web browsers Chat rooms FTP Common Internet applications

9A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Application Protocols (continued) API (Application programming interface) call – way an application asks an OS to do something HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – used by Web browsers and Web servers to communicate Session (socket) – an established communication link between two programs

10A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS for Network Communication TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)  Guarantees delivery  Connection-oriented protocol UDP (User Datagram Protocol)  Does not guarantee delivery  Connectionless protocol (best effort) IP (Internet Protocol)  Breaks up data into packets  Routes them to destination

11A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition TCP Uses IP

12A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition TCP Guarantees Delivery

13A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Other TCP/IP Protocols ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)  Locates host on a local network RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)  Discovers Internet address of host on local network ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)  Communicates problems with transmission  TTL (time to live) – number of routers a packet can pass through on its way to its destination

14A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Network Protocols Used by Hardware Protocol used depends on type of physical network data is traveling on PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)  Used over telephone lines  A line protocol or bridging protocol SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol)  Also a line protocol

15A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition TCP/IP Utilities TCP/IP includes a group of utilities used for troubleshooting Popular  Ping  Winipcfg  Ipconfig

16A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Microsoft SNMP Agent Can be installed after you install TCP/IP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) provides system management tools for networks Can be a security risk

17A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using NSLookup NSLookup requests data about domain name resolutions from a DNS server’s zone file

18A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Connecting to the Internet Dial-up connection DSL Cable modem

19A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Dial-up Networking Process a Windows PC uses to connect to a network using a modem and a regular phone line Modem acts like a network card to provide physical connection to network Transmission speed is much slower than a direct network connection

20A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How Dial-up Networking Works

21A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP What is the phone number of the ISP? What is your user ID and password for the ISP? Will DNS be dynamically assigned?  If not, what is the IP address of DNS server? How will the IP address be assigned?

22A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) 1. Go to Network Connections, click Create a new connection 2. Click Next, click Connect to the Internet, click Next 3. Select Set up my network connection manually, click Next, select Connect using a dial-up modem, click Next

23A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued)

24A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) 4. Enter a name for the connection, click Next, enter the ISP phone number, click Next 5. Enter username and password, select appropriate options, click Next 6. Choose whether to add a desktop shortcut, click Finish

25A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued)

26A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued)

27A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98

28A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 (continued)

29A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 (continued)

30A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 (continued)

31A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Dial-up Networking Problems Cannot make a connection Can connect, but get message “Unable to resolve hostname” After connecting, get error message “Unable to establish a compatible set of network protocols” When you double-click Web browser, the modem does not dial automatically

32A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DSL and Cable Modem Connections TCP/IP settings are same as used by a modem-to-phone line connection Cable modem and DSL use a network card in the PC for the physical connection For service to the Internet, the other end of the cable connects to a cable modem or a DSL box

33A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DSL and Cable Modem Connections (continued) 1. Install NIC and drivers 2. Connect NIC to cable or DSL box 3. Install and bind TCP/IP 4. Configure TCP/IP to connect to Internet 5. Install application software Installation:

34A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Cable Modem Uses regular TV cable cord to connect to a TV cable wall outlet Electrical connection provides power to the box Connects to the PC by way of a network/USB port using a network/USB cable from modem to PC Service technician usually installs the network card and configures the PC to use the service

35A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Cable Modem (continued)

36A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DSL and ISDN Provided by local telephone company DSL typically uses a converter box that is combined with a router ISDN uses a Terminal Adapter (TA) or an ISDN router Device connects to PC by way of a network cable and card Technician from phone company most likely will do installation

37A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Sharing Internet Connections One computer shares its direct connection to Internet (via phone line, cable modem, or DSL) with other computers on the LAN  ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) Broadband converter box can connect to a network device (e.g., router) that manages connection for entire network The router can serve as a wireless access point for computers to connect wirelessly to the Internet

38A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition A Router as a Wireless Access Point

39A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Internet Connection Sharing Available in Windows 98 or Windows XP Allows others on a small office or home LAN to share an Internet connection with a host computer

40A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Configuring the LAN for Internet Connection Sharing

41A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Implementing a Firewall Firewalls can filter:  Data packets by source or destination IP address, or protocol  Ports  Applications such as FTP  Some can filter content

42A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hardware Firewalls

43A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Software Firewalls

44A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Supporting Internet Clients Web browsers FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

45A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Supporting Web Browsers A Web browser is a software application used to request Web pages from a Web server on the Internet or an intranet A Web page is a text file with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

46A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How a URL Is Structured URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Address for a Web page file or other resource on the Internet

47A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Top-Level Domain Names

48A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Secure HTTP HTTPS (HTTP secure)  Uses SSL or TLS as secure protocol  SSL (Secure socket layer) is the de facto standard protocol Uses digital certificate (digital ID) assigned by a certificate authority that uniquely identifies someone on the Internet Includes public key  TLS (transport layer security) is an improvement on SSL

49A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Secure HTTP (continued)

50A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Configuring a Browser Open Internet Explorer applet in Control Panel From Internet Explorer, click Tools on the menu bar, then Internet Options Right-click Internet Explorer icon and select Properties from shortcut menu Accessing Internet Options to control Internet Explorer:

51A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Configuring a Browser (continued)

52A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Solving Browser Performance Problems  Defrag  Scandisk  System information Make sure there is enough hard drive space, the hard drive is clean, and that virtual memory settings are optimized

53A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Solving Browser Performance Problems (continued) 1. Open Internet Properties 2. Click Delete files under Temporary Internet files, then click OK 3. Click Clear History under History, then click OK Consider reducing the number of days to keep history 4. Click OK

54A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Controlling the Internet Explorer Environment

55A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Suppressing Image Downloading For Internet Explorer version 5, download Web Accessories For Internet Explorer version 6: 1. Open Tools menu, click Internet Options 2. Click Advanced 3. Clear checkbox for unwanted features: Show pictures Play animations Play videos Play sounds

56A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Browser Updates and Patches Generally you should use the most current version to get the latest features and fixes to known problems With an older computer or OS, you may not want the latest version Check Download updates and patches from

57A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Supporting client software communicates with an server to send and receive mail It’s possible to have two servers:  SMTP server takes care of sending  POP server is where the user goes to collect messages Both will have to be configured when you set up your client

58A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Supporting (continued)

59A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Two Servers

60A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Supporting FTP Used to transfer files between two computers using the same or different operating system(s) Both computers must have FTP installed Provides ability to download files to the PC Can be executed from user-friendly GUI software or from a command prompt

61A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition FTP from a Command Prompt

62A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition File Transfer Using FTP Software 1. Start the FTP software 2. Click Connect to log on to an FTP site 3. Enter the Host Name, user ID and password, click OK 4. User ID and password authenticated 5. Use appropriate commands to transfer files; use Auto format if unsure 6. Click Exit to leave the utility

63A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition File Transfer Using FTP Software (continued)

64A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition File Transfer Using FTP Software (continued)

65A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Summary The TCP/IP suite of protocols Connecting to the Internet using dial-up, DSL, and cable modem connections Supporting common Internet clients such as Web browsers, clients, and file transfer software