1. A+ Guide to Software Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION Chapter 11 Windows on a Network

2. 2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition You Will Learn… About different types of physical network architectures How networking works with Windows How to configure a network card and a network protocol using Windows About sharing resources on a network Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections

3. 3A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Physical Network Architecture LAN (local area network) provides a way for devices to communicate and share resources Node (host) is one device on a network Popular physical network architectures  Ethernet  Wireless LAN  Token Ring  FDDI

4. 4A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Ethernet Most popular network architecture today Three variations  10-Mbps Ethernet  100-Mbps (Fast) Ethernet  Gigabit Ethernet Most Ethernet networks use star configuration using a hub A hub is a distribution point

5. 5A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Ethernet Star Configuration

6. 6A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hub, RJ-45 and BNC Connectors

7. 7A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Wireless LAN Uses radio waves or infrared light instead of cables to connect devices Uses a wireless network interface card which includes an antenna Devices connect to LAN by way of a wireless access point (AP)

8. 8A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Access Point

9. 9A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How NICs Work PCI slot USB port SCSI external port Serial port Embedded on motherboard A PC connects to a network by way of a network adapter (network interface card, NIC)

10. 10A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How NICs Work (continued) An individual NIC supports only one architecture at a time A combo card can accommodate different cabling media Each NIC is uniquely identified by an address knows as any of the following:  MAC address  Media Access Control  Hardware address  Physical address  Adapter address  Ethernet address

11. 11A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Ethernet Combo Card

12. 12A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Networking Network Operating System (NOS) controls an entire network and resources in a client/server model Popular Network Operating Systems  Windows Server 2003  Windows 2000 Server  Novell NetWare  Unix  Linux

13. 13A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Networking (continued) Client/Server network  Client computer provides a user ID and password in order to access a network  Server validates that data against a security database Windows client/server network is called a domain  Server in a Windows network is called a domain controller

14. 14A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Networking (continued) In a peer-to-peer network, each computer has the same authority as the other computers Usually fewer than 10 computers A Windows peer-to-peer network is called a workgroup

15. 15A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Network Protocols

16. 16A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Network Protocols (continued) TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet IPX/SPX is a protocol designed for Novell NetWare NetBEUI is a non-routable Windows protocol

17. 17A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Network Protocols (continued) To use a network protocol  Install the NIC and connect to the network  Install the protocol in the operating system  Protocol automatically associates itself with any NICs it finds in a process called binding Properties page of a network connection will show installed network protocols

18. 18A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installed Network Protocols

19. 19A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Addressing on a Network MAC Address: unique permanent address embedded in a NIC IP address: a 32-bit address identifying a device in a TCP/IP network Character-based names  Host name  NetBIOS name (computer name) Port address

20. 20A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition MAC Addresses Used at the physical level of networking A host uses the operating system to learn the MAC address of another host on the same network Cannot be used to communicate between hosts on different networks

21. 21A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using MAC Addresses

22. 22A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Ipconfig to Display IP Address and MAC Address

23. 23A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition IP Addresses Identify devices on the Internet and other TCP/IP networks Four octets separated by periods that identifies a computer, printer, or other device on a TCP/IP network  First part identifies the network  Last part identifies the host

24. 24A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Classes of IP Addresses

25. 25A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Public, Private, and Reserved IP Addresses Public IP addresses – group of IP addresses, different from all others, licensed for use on the Internet Private IP addresses – used on private intranets isolated from the Internet  10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255  172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255  192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

26. 26A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Reserved IP Addresses Certain IP addresses are reserved for special use by TCP/IP All IP addresses must be unique for a network

27. 27A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses Static IP address  Manually assigning an IP address permanently to a host Dynamic IP address  Leasing an IP address for the current session only

28. 28A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Dynamically Assigned IP Addresses (continued) DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server  Manages dynamic IP address assignment Failed attempt to lease an IP address results in an Automatic Private IP Address (APIPA) in the 169.254.0.0 network

29. 29A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DHCP Server

30. 30A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Network Address Translation Uses a single public IP address to access the Internet on behalf of all hosts on the network using other IP addresses Proxy server sometimes does double duty as a firewall

31. 31A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Proxy Server

32. 32A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Host Names and NetBIOS Names Use characters rather than numbers to identify a computer on a network Easier to remember and use than IP addresses Domain name identifies a network

33. 33A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Host Names and NetBIOS Names (continued) NetBIOS name – used by NetBEUI protocol to identify a computer on the network WINS resolves a NetBIOS name to an IP address Host name – Used by TCP/IP to identify a computer on the network DNS resolves a host name to an IP address

34. 34A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN A Windows 98 computer using NetBIOS uses the following steps (next slide) to resolve a name to an IP address A Windows 2000/XP computer using TCP/IP begins at step 5  If NetBEUI is running, it then turns to steps 1 through 4 to resolve the name

35. 35A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How Computers Find Each Other on a LAN (continued) 1. Checks NetBIOS name cache 2. Queries WINS server 3. Broadcasts NetBIOS name to be resolved 4. Checks LMHosts file 5. Checks Hosts file 6. Queries DNS server

36. 36A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Configuring a Network Card and Connecting to a Network 1. Install the NIC and drivers 2. Using Windows, configure the NIC with the correct addresses and protocols 3. Test the NIC to verify ability to access network resources Installing a network card and connecting a PC to a network:

37. 37A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing a NIC Using Windows 2000/XP 1. Physically install the network card 2. Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers 3. Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly 4. Connect the NIC port to the network with a cable

38. 38A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows XP Computer Name 1. Right-click My Computer, select Properties from shortcut menu 2. For Windows XP, click Computer Name tab, click Change button 3. Enter the new computer name 4. Select Workgroup or Domain, as appropriate, enter its name 5. Click OK, OK, and reboot 6. Go to My Network Places and view other computers on the network

39. 39A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP 1. Will the PC use dynamic or static IP addressing? 2. If static, what IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway should be used? 3. What is the IP address of DNS server? 4. What is the IP address of the proxy server? Before installing TCP/IP, ask:

40. 40A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) 1. Open Network Connections, right-click Local Area Connection icon, select Properties 2. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), click Properties button 3. For dynamic addressing, select Obtain IP address automatically; for static addressing, select Use the following IP address, enter IP address, Subnet mask and Default gateway

41. 41A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 2000/XP (continued) 4. If DHCP will assign DNS server address, select Obtain DNS server address automatically, click OK twice If not, select Use the following DNS server address, enter the IP address, click OK twice 5. Open My Network Places and verify your computer and others on the network are visible If not, reboot

42. 42A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing a NIC Using Windows 9x 1. Physically install the network card 2. Turn on the PC and the Found New Hardware Wizard locates and loads drivers 3. Use Device Manager to verify that the device drivers installed properly 4. Connect the NIC port to the network with a patch cable

43. 43A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Assigning a Computer Name in Windows 9x 1. Access Control Panel, Network icon 2. Click Identification tab 3. Enter workgroup and computer name 4. Click OK to exit; reboot 5. Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network

44. 44A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 1. Access Control Panel, Network icon 2. Click Add 3. Select Protocol and click Add; select Microsoft on the left, TCP/IP on the right, click OK 4. Notice that that TCP/IP is automatically bound to any network adapter or modem

45. 45A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued) 1. In the Network window, select the item where TCP/IP is bound to the NIC, click Properties 2. If static IP addressing is used, click Specify an IP address, enter the IP address and Subnet mask If dynamic addressing is used, click Obtain IP address automatically

46. 46A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing and Configuring TCP/IP Using Windows 98 (continued) 3. If DNS will be used, click the DNS Configuration tab, choose to enable DNS, enter the IP addresses of DNS servers 4. When finished, click OK twice 5. Open Network Neighborhood and verify that you see your computer and others on the network

47. 47A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing a Wireless NIC 1. Install the wireless NIC in computer Follow the Found New Hardware Wizard to load device drivers 2. Configure the NIC to use the same parameters as the access point 3. Use the configuration software to view wireless connection status and to change wireless parameters

48. 48A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing a Wireless NIC (continued) 4. Click the configuration tab to change how the NIC functions Mode: infrastructure or Ad Hoc SSID: service set identifier Tx Rate: transmission rate PS Mode: allows PC to enter sleep mode 5. Click Encryption tab to enable 64-bit or 128-bit encryption and enter a secret passphrase

49. 49A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing a Wireless NIC (continued) 6. Configure the NIC to use TCP/IP or NetBEUI After configuration, you should immediately see resources in My Network Places or Network Neighborhood Try rebooting Check MAC address filtering

50. 50A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Sharing Files, Folders, and Applications Users must be assigned to the same workgroup or domain to share resources View all computers in the network  Network Neighborhood in Windows 9x  My Network Places in Windows XP Drill down to see shared files, folders and printers, copy files, use shared applications, share printers

51. 51A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition My Network Places in Windows 2000

52. 52A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing Windows 2000/XP Components Needed to Share Resources 1. Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties 2. On the General tab, click Install, select Client, click Add, select Client for Microsoft Networks 3. Select Service, click Add, select File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks, click OK

53. 53A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Installing Windows 98 Components Needed to Share Resources 1. Open Network applet in Control Panel and click Add, select Client, click Add 2. Select Microsoft on the left and Client for Microsoft Networks on the right 3. Install File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks using same method 4. Enable file and printer sharing 5. Verify both are bound to TCP/IP

54. 54A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup 1. In Windows Explorer, right-click a folder Windows XP: select Sharing and Security Windows 2000 or 98: select Sharing 2. Share the folder Windows XP: select Share this folder… Windows 2000 or 98: select Shared As Enter a name for the shared folder 3. Windows 2000 or 98: click Depends on Password

55. 55A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows XP

56. 56A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Using Windows Explorer to Share Files and Folders in Windows 98

57. 57A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Sharing Files and Folders with the Workgroup (continued) 4. To allow others to make changes, enter a folder under Full Access Password For read-only access, enter a different password, click OK to exit 5. For added security with Windows 2000/XP, set up a user account and password for each user who will access shared resources

58. 58A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Network Drive Maps Make one PC appear to have a new hard drive when space is actually on another host computer Make files and folders on a host computer available even to network- unaware applications

59. 59A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Mapping a Network Drive in Windows 98

60. 60A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Accessing a Mapped Drive

61. 61A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Troubleshooting a Network Connection Diagnostic tools useful in troubleshooting TCP/IP problems  Ping utility tests network connectivity Diagnostic tools to test TCP/IP configuration  Ipconfig /all (Windows NT/2000/XP)  Winipcfg (Windows 9x)

62. 62A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Troubleshooting a Network Connection (continued) Release and renew dynamic IP address Ping the loopback address Ping the default gateway Ping a remote host If Ping works with an IP address but not with a domain name, then DNS is the problem

63. 63A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Summary Different types of physical network architectures Networking with Windows Configuring a network card and a network protocol using Windows Sharing resources on a network Troubleshooting tools and tips for network connections