Question 1 What is placer mining? Early prospectors would extract shallow deposits of ore with pick and shovels

Question 2 What is quartz mining After ore deposits near the surface dwindled, mine companied dug deep mine shafts to find minerals

Question 3 What is a trade union An organization of workers with the same trade or skill

Question 4 What is laissez-faire mean for the economy? Government does not interfere

Question 5 People using the phrase “Pikes Peak or Bust” were what? Gold miners

Question 6 What does a trust do? manages property for others

Question 7 What could be turned into kerosene? petroleum

Question 8 What are haciendas? Huge ranches that covered thousands of acres

Question 9 What does free market regulate under laissez-faire? prices and wages

Question 10 Under laissez faire, when should the govt. interfere in the economy? Protect property and maintain peace

Question 11 Who taught their trade to American cowboys? vaqueros

Question 12 Who were measured to get sizes for ready-made clothes? Civil War soldiers

Question 13 Why couldn’t eastern cattle survive on the Great Plains? They could not eat the tough prairie grasses

Question 14 Who signed the Pacific Railway Act that led to the railroad boom? Lincoln

Question 15 What did prices falling faster than wages lead to in the late 1800s? Workers buying power increasing

Question 16 What is an industrial union? Organization of common laborers and craft workers in a particular industry

Question 17 What is vertical integration? A company owns all of the different businesses on which it depends for its operation

Question 18 What does the Automatic loom do? changes bobbins without stopping

Question 19 What is one way companies can achieve economies of scale purchase of new machines

Question 20 What was the major trail cowboys used to drive cattle to a railroad line Chisholm Trail

Question 21 What kept herds of cattle from roaming freely and threaten the cattle ranchers way of life? Barbed wire

Question 22 Who were prairie fires a hardship for? Great Plains settlers

Question 23 Why did the railroads sell government land grants? raise most of the money that was needed to build the railroad

Question 24 When did farmers plant seeds deep in the ground? Dry farming

Question 25 Where did the Cheyenne go to negotiate before the Sand Creek Massacre? Fort Lyon

Question 26 What country did rail workers that Central Pacific Railroad hired come from? China

Question 27 How long did a homesteader have to live on the land for it to become theirs under the Homestead Act? 5 years

Question 28 What does holding company own in companies that produce goods? stock

Question 29 Who on the Great Plains could invest in the tools they needed? Large landholders

Question 30 What did the federal govt. give to railroad companies to encourage rapid construction of the tracks? land along its right-of-way

Question 31 What did air brakes lead to? longer and heavier trains

Question 32 What ended the cattle drives? fencing of the open range

Question 33 What act gave Native Americans land for farming? Dawes Act

Question 34 Lower costs and increased production in what? Economies of scale

Question 35 The confrontation at Wounded Knee occurred because the chief’s followers did what? Performed a ritual

Question 36 Why did many farmers on the Great Plains mortgage their land to survive? a glut of wheat on the world market caused prices to drop

Question 37 What type of costs are wages, shipping charges, and supplies? Operating costs

Question 38 What protected new industries from foreign competition? tariffs

Question 39 What type of costs are loans, mortgages, and taxes? Fixed costs

Question 40 What did the army kill to force Native Americans on reservations? buffalo

Question 41 The Comstock Lode was a rich deposit of what? Silver

Question 42 Many of the first miners in the Colorado mountains did not find any minerals because why? The minerals were buried too deep