11/12/14 Take out your 6-5 outline to be checked Start to work on your 6-5 vocab (#20-25)

Chapter 6 section 5 End of the Revolutionary War Winning the War in the South

Battle of Monmouth End of major battles in the North June 27, 1778 Monmouth, New Jersey Who? American – George Washington General Sir Henry Clinton What happened? Washington pursued Clinton’s army that left Philadelphia to New York Washington rallied the retreating Patriots and held their ground Ended in a draw but the British left the battleground 250 patriot casualties 400 British casualties Significance? Last major battle in the North Molly Pitcher Mary Hays Carried water to the troops during the battle When her husband died of heatstroke she took his place and helped fire the cannon

Why did Clinton take the war to the South?

British success in the South Savannah December 29, 1778 British capture Savannah, GA (major Southern port) What happened? The first stage of the British Southern strategy called for the capture of a major Southern port to use as a base for rallying Southern loyalists and launching military campaigns Large British force sailed from New York City and easily captured Savannah Within a few months the British controlled all of Georgia

British success in the South The Battle of Charles Town February – May 1780; Charles Town, SC Who? American – Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln British - General Sir Henry Clinton What happened? British forces landed near Charles Town in February They surrounded the city, slowly closing in and trapping the defenders Lincoln surrendered his 5,000 troops on May 12 th (almost the entire Southern army) Significance? Clinton placed Cornwallis in charge of British forces in the South and returned to New York Badly hurt American morale, but South Carolina patriots started roaming the countryside battling Loyalists and attacking British supply lines Swamp Fox (Francis Marion)

British success in the South The Battle of Camden August 16, 1780; Camden, SC Who? American – General Horatio Gates British – Lord Cornwallis What happened? Gates was assigned to form a new southern army Army was about 2,000 new, untrained militia and Continental soldiers led by Baron de Kalb Americans lacked supplies and were half-starved Gates put inexperienced militia on frontline instead of behind veterans militia panicked and ran Professional troops stayed and fought, but suffered heavy casualties Significance? Second defeat (disaster)of the American army in the South Marked a low point for the patriots News of Arnold’s treason

Battle of Kings Mountain October 1780 North Carolina One of Britain’s first losses in the South Vicious fighting Americans slaughtered a Loyalist militia and British force of about 1,000 after surrounding them Americans shot or hanged many after they surrendered in revenge for Loyalist raids and an earlier incident After Gates’ loss at Camden, he was replaced by Nathaniel Greene Greene wanted to avoid full-scale battles with the British Let the British chase them around the countryside

Two new leaders turn the tide of war in the South… Nathaniel GreeneDaniel Morgan

January 1781 South Carolina Battle of Cowpens

When? January 17, 1781 Where? Northern South Carolina (in a cattle-grazing area) Who? American – Brigadier General Daniel Morgan British – Lord Cornwallis What happened? Cornwallis set out to trap Morgan’s army Before he could catch up with them, Morgan prepared for battle at Cowpens Morgan’s sharpshooters quickly captured or killed nearly all the attacking British Significance? Finally a Patriot victory! Enraged Cornwallis even more and he pursued Morgan with greater determination

Battle of Guilford Courthouse March 15, 1781 North Carolina Cornwallis v. Greene Greene rushed to join Morgan in hopes to defeat Cornwallis’ weakened army Bloody conflict Cornwallis drove Greene from the battle field, the British took a battering Cornwallis stopped the chase and moved his army to Wilmington, NC to rest

October 1781 Virginia Battle of Yorktown

When? October 19, 1781 Where? Virginia (Peninsula on the Chesapeake Bay) Who? American – General George Washington French – General Jean Rochambeau, Admiral Francois de Grasse British – Lord Cornwallis What happened? Cornwallis set up his base in Yorktown Could receive supplies easily from New York French fleet (led by de Grasse) blocked the Chesapeake Bay in August 1781 – his fleet battled the British navy back to NY Washington and Rochambeau rushed their forces south to trap Cornwallis on the peninsula from the land – surrounded them with 18,000 American and French troops Cornwallis and his 8,000 troops surrendered on October 19, 1781

Significance? Last major battle of the Revolution “The World Turned Upside Down” Did not end the war but Britain’s new leaders began peace talks