RELIGION Chapter 7 Bellringer Question (answer in your notebook): What religion do you/your family practice? How important is religion to your identity?

New Policy to Take Note of Homework will not be accepted late

Religion: “A system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities” -- Stoddard and Prorak How people “should” behave What Is Religion?

Types of Religion Monotheistic religions: Worship a single deity Polytheistic religions: Worship more than one deity, even thousands Animistic religions: Belief that inanimate objects posses spirits and should be revered

Types of Religions Universalizing religions Ethnic religions

Religions of the World

Hearths of Religion and Philosophy

Diffusion of Religions

From the Hearth of South Asia Hinduism Buddhism

Buddhist stupas in Indonesia In Japan, Buddhism has mixed with Shinto, which originated in Japan. A Shinto shrine in Kyoto

Diffusion of Religions

From the Hearth of Huang He (Yellow) River Valley Taoism Confucianism

From the Hearth of the Eastern Mediterranean Judaism –Zionism Christianity 1054: Split into Eastern Orthodox & Roman Catholic 1400s–1500s: Protestants Islam – Divisions: Shortly after Muhammad’s death Sunni Muslims (great majority) Shi’ite Muslims (concentrated in Iran)

Divisions in Christianity First division (1054) Western Roman Empire: Roman Catholic Eastern Roman Empire: Orthodox

Divisions in Christianity Catholic and Protestant concentrations in Switzerland

The Diffusion of Islam

Indigenous Religions Local in scope Passed down in families Under pressure from global religions

Secularism Indifference to or rejection of organized religious affiliations and ideas The case of the Soviet Union – Had an official policy of atheism

Sacred Sites of Jerusalem Sacred to three major religions Judaism Christianity Islam

Sacred Landscapes of Buddhism Swedogon Pagodo in Yangon, Myanmar

Sacred Landscapes of Christianity Catholic churches are often located in the center of European cities, with spires reaching far above other buildings.

Sacred Landscapes of Christianity Protestant Churches

Religious Distribution in the United States

Sacred Landscapes of Islam Muslim Mosques

Interfaith Boundary in Africa

Israel and Palestine British mandate of Palestine Partition of Palestine by United Nations –Israeli state –Palestinian state 1967: Israeli control over West Bank, Gaza 2005: Withdrawal from Gaza Control over movement Multitude of interfaith boundaries

The Horn of Africa Amharic (Coptic) Christianity in central Ethiopia Islam in the Horn of Africa by diffusion

The Former Yugoslavia Genocide Ethnic Cleansing

The Former Yugoslavia

Northern Ireland

Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism – A return to the basics of a faith Protestantism –Literal interpretation of the Bible –Opposition to abortion & gay marriage Islam –Shari’a Law –Taliban –Jihad

Gay Marriage