Leisure All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

Focal Questions  Why do you think people in Britain today have more leisure time than ever before? (P99)  Where and how do most British people choose to spend their spare time? Why? (P101)  Can you give some reasons why the traditional working-class and established middle-class families take different attitudes toward their homes? (101)  What, to your knowledge, are among the most popular leisure activities away from home among adults in Great Britain? (103)  What factors affect people’s choice of different leisure activities in Britain today? (Pp100, 102)

A 1 Introduction Definition  Leisure – freely chosen activities pursued during non-working time, related to financial security provided by work  Leisure -- free time during which somebody has no obligations or work responsibilities, and therefore is free to engage in enjoyable activities  the time when you are free from work or other duties and can relax  time when you are not working or studying and can relax and do things you enjoy

A 1 More leisure time  Shorter working week – 40 hrs per week, 38 hrs for non-manual workers  Fewer weeks to work per year  More paid holiday each year  More money to spend since WWII

Time spent on main activities: by sex, 2005, GB

Selected activities performed in free time, by sex, 2006/07, England

Households with access to the Internet, GB

Proportion of adults who had participated in the arts in the 4 weeks before interview: GB, 2002

A 2 Puzzle  3/4 of people in the UK  Newspaper crosswords  Coffee-break teasers  Puzzles in magazines and even in TV shows

A 2 Soap Operas  The storylines of Coronation Street tend to concentrate on relationships within and between families rather than on topical or social issues  Coronation Street is imbued with a definite feeling of community. Through its account of supposedly everyday life, the programme shows a high degree of social realism  The Street, as it is affectionately known, has been at the top of the U.K. ratings for over thirty years.  Coronation Street

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Greater gender & class differences  Provision of leisure activities -- local government, private companies, voluntary organizations  The Pub – public bar & lounge bar, dartboards, snookers, bar billiards, skittles, dominoes, electronic games, juke boxes, TV, live music entertainment, local jazz group or rock ’n’ roll band  More money spent on drink in pubs, restaurants or wine bars  Pubs: filling social vacuum, central to British life

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Meal in restaurants  Library  Cinema– still a staple part of British life & on rising trend  Historic buildings  Short break holiday  Disco or night club  Museum or art gallery  Funfair  Camping or caravanning  Bingo  Visiting betting shops  Theatre, ballet, opera, minority pursuits yet giving Britain high cultural profile

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Bar

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Pub  dominoes

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Dartboard  Lounge bar

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Wine bar

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Bar Billiards  Snookers

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Skittles  Ten-pin bowling

A 3 leisure outside the Home  Jukebox  Country bar

A 3 Leisure outside the Home Gambling  Betting shop (Bookies)  Bets placed at Bookies  Popular forms of gambling in Britain  Football pools  Betting on horse racing practised by working rather than middle class

A 3 Gambling  First game: Saturday 19th November 1994  The National Lottery games: 90+% of the UK population—sometimes, 65%—on a regular basis  £12 billion: 'good causes‘—helped deprived groups, saved buildings & national treasures, enabled more people to enjoy sports and the arts

A3 Gambling  Out of every £1 spent on a Lottery ticket 28 pence goes to the good causes.  How's the money distributed :   Where does the good causes money go?

National Lottery partners The National Lottery is a partnership between Government, the Lottery Commission, the National Lottery Operator and the Distribution Bodies to raise money for the good causes in local communities. GOVERNMENT THE DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE MEDIA AND SPORT THE NATIONAL LOTTERY COMMISSION NLDBs The Arts Council National Lottery Charities Board The Heritage Lottery Fund The Millennium Commission The New Opportunities Fund Sports Council The THE NATIONAL LOTTERY OPERATOR CAMELOT CAMELOT NATIONAL LOTTERY DISTRIBUTION BODIES NLDBs GOOD CAUSES

A 3 Leisure outside the Home The National Lottery  Five groups of beneficiaries were designated by the Government to receive equal shares of funds from The National Lottery:  The Arts Councils of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland  The Sports Councils of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland  The National Lottery Charities Board  The National Heritage Memorial Fund  The Millennium Fund (A fund to celebrate the year 2000 and the beginning of the third millennium. )  A sixth was added in 1998  The New Opportunities Fund — for projects covering education, health and the environment

A 3 Gambling  UK National Lottery Winning Cards by Week  The first 20 winning cards...

A 3 The National Lottery  Tickets: newsagents and post offices  On Saturday nights— the weekly programme : 12 million viewers

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Bingo hall

A 3 Sport  Sports and social class  “class consciousness is fundamental to the British sense of national identity. Differences of accent, dress, taste and life style all serve as markers of class” (Raw and Walker, 1994, p. 5)  fox hunting: upper-class; football: the working class; cricket

A 3 Sport & the British Culture  Main sports practised in winter: rugby, soccer  Soccer – “a gentlemen’s game for roughs”  Rugby -- “a roughs’ game for gentlemen”  Paradox – most public schools play rugby but Eaton and Harrow have always played soccer

A 3 Sport  Soccer

A 3 Sport  Cricket

A 3 Sport  Cricket  Horse racing

A 3 Sport  Netball

A 3 Sport  Aroebics

A 3 Fox Hunting

Language & Culture  Terminology for people watching leisure entertainment  Soccer -- crowds, suggesting “amorphous”, the mass  Rugby -- spectators, “dispassionate onlookers”  Cinema -- audiences, more sophisticated, listen  TV -- viewers, denying passivity of TV ”couch potato”  Theatre -- theatre- goers, some form of dynamism  Opera -- opera buffs, uniform worn by smart regiments

A 3 Leisure outside the Home  Why participate?  To know more people & understand them better  To learn how to get along with others  To get a feeling of excitement & a sense of success  To have experience of wearing popular & fashionable sports clothes

12-month and 4-week participation rates, GB 2002

Selected sports, games and physical activities among adults, by sex, 2006/07, England

Twelve month and four week participation rates, GB 2002

Main reason for non-participation in an active sport, England 2005/06

A 3 Leisure outside the home Youth organizations  Boys’ scouts  Boys brigade

Conclusion The Defining Factors of Identity  Education, work, and leisure  ‘How do you do?’, ‘What do you do?’ ‘ Where did you go to school?’  Leisure activities: the exercise of individual choice

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