NAME: ___________________________ DIRECTIONS: 1. Follow along with the power point – fill in any blanks on the left 2. answer questions on the right side – use additional paper if necessary 3. use the chapter/section (or page number when give) for additional information YOU WILL NEED TO DO THIS!

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: What methods and routes do you know Americans used to move West? ____________________________________________

Westward Expansion PRECEDENT: The _____________________ __________________ banned slavery in the territory north of the Ohio River but said nothing about land south of the Ohio River where it was allowed to spread. There was a great debate over the expansion of slavery – should it & would it be allowed to expand? Where? Which section was to have influence over the West – the North or South? Chapter 9

Many Americans accept the idea of ______________________ __________________. Abundance of fertile land attracts people. Gold is discovered in ______________________. Government initiates _____________removal treaties. Britain and US divide ________________ ______________. US annexes _____________. Victory in war with __________________leads to acquisition of southwestern territories. US makes ______________ _______________, the last part of the continental US. Westward Movement Westward Expansion – cause & effect Chapter 9

Indian Removal Act (1830) Westward Expansion Chapter 7, section 4, p

____________________________________________ Who was president at this time? What current state was once Indian Territory? Which of the 5 groups was most affected by this Act?

The five civilized tribes were removed from their lands in the East and sent to “Indian Territory” in Oklahoma. Trail of Tears (1838) Westward Expansion Chapter 7, section 4 p

____________________________________________ 1.Why do you think Americans were willing to give up new land (“Indian Territory”) to the Indians? 2. Why did Jackson have to use force to relocate the Cherokee?

Chapter 7, section 4 Westward Expansion Use the map on page 253

Should slavery be allowed in states made out of the Louisiana Territory? Should slavery be allowed in the territory gained from Mexico? California wants to be a free state, how does the South stayed balanced with the North? Unorganized territory needs to be organized, how do we keep the balance of free and slave and still go along with the Missouri Compromise? Maine admitted as a free state; Missouri admitted as a slave state; slavery not allowed in Louisiana Territory north of 36°30’ No slavery in California, Utah or New Mexico territories California admitted as a free state; Utah & New Mexico allowed popular sovereignty; slave trade stopped in DC; stricter fugitive slave laws Territory divided into Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory; slavery chosen by popular sovereignty; repeals Missouri Compromise Westward Expansion

Adams-Onis Treaty Western Expansion Chapter 7, section 3, p.246

____________________________________________ This treaty established the border between the US and: How many rivers were used in the boundary? This ended Spanish claim to which territory?

Western Expansion Chapter 7, section 3

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) A debate occurred over the former _________________ Territory when Missouri petitioned for statehood. Finally a compromise was reached. It stated: 1.) _________________ entered as a slave state 2.) ____________ entered as a free state. 3.) The ___’___” line is drawn. This line was suppose to decide whether slavery would be allowed in certain territories or not. This compromise was effective for a number almost ___________ years. Westward Expansion Chapter 7, section 3, p.246

Missouri Compromise Westward Expansion Chapter 7, section 3, p.246

____________________________________________ Missouri entered as a __________ state and Maine entered as a _____________ state. When would slavery become an explosive issue again?

Expansionists did not care about _____________or Native Americans, whom they saw as inferiors to be pushed out of the way. Southern expansionists also hoped to add new slave states to strengthen their position in _________________________. Westward Expansion Western Trail Number of Settlers DestinationWhen ______________ Trail 2,700California 1842–1848 ______________ Trail 4,600Utah 1847–1848 ______________ Trail 11,500 Oregon 1842–1848 Chapter 9, section 1, p

____________________________________________ Which trail carried the most people? Which trail split off from the Oregon Trail?

Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 1 Use the map on page 302

Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 2, p Mexico encourages Americans to settle Texas Americans outnumber Tejanos Texans rebel against Mexican government in 1835 Texans declare independence in 1836 Mexico attacks the Alamo Santa Anna defeated, surrenders Texas Mexico doesn’t honor treaty Congress annexes Texas, 1845 Polk sends US troops to contest the border Treaty of _______________________; US gains territory Rio Grand is new southern boarder of ___________ _________ ____________divides Americans on slavery California is a US territory during _____ ______ _______ _______________ Americans lose land and rights _______________ Americans terrorized and killed ___________’s application for statehood causes debate over slavery

“Remember the Alamo” Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 2

____________________________________________ Who controlled Mexico at this time? By 1835, the Texas had captured which city? During the siege, a group of influential Texans did what? How many years later did Texas join the US?

President __________claimed all land as far as the Rio Grande, tripling the previous size of Texas. General _______________ __________ was sent to occupy these border lands. Mexico objected to the granting of __________________to Texas and saw statehood as an invasion of Mexican territory. The United States annexed ________ in 1845, leading to war with Mexico. The U.S. had many advantages, including greater wealth and a better-equipped military. General _____________ __________led an overwhelming campaign in Mexico from Veracruz to Chapultepec, forcing Santa Anna to abandon his capital Mexico City and the war. The United States easily defeated Mexico. Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 2, p READ: Pages

____________________________________________ According to the map, what territory’s borders cause the dispute? What advantages di the US have over Mexico?

Mexico had to sell a third of its territory to the United States (1.2 million square miles). For $15 million, the U.S. obtained ______________ and ________ _________. The Texas border was set at the Rio Grande River. ______________ was humiliated and remained bitter toward the United States for decades. The land gained, known as the “_________ ____________” sparked the slavery debate all over again. As a result of the loss, Mexico was forced to sign the Treaty of ________________ ________________ (1848). Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 3, p.311

Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 2

WILMOT PROVISO (1846) presented by Congressman ________ _________ (PA) to stop the spread of slavery into the territories won from Mexico. His plan passed the ________ but failed in the __________. DID NOT BECOME LAW! the plan’s success in the House showed the power of the _______________ the South became suspicious of the North’s intentions. Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 3, p.312

Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 3

In 1848, gold was found at ________’s _________on the American River near Sacramento, California. The resulting California Gold Rush brought a mass-migration of 80,000 fortune hunters west. They were called __________-_____________. Half traveled overland; the rest either sailed around South America or to Panama, where they crossed the isthmus and caught ships up the coast. Westward Expansion Most Californians __________ slavery so California’s admission as a free state would tip the _____slave and ____ free state balance in the U.S. Senate. Debate over the spread of ______________ into the territories obtained from Mexico became a leading cause of the Civil War. By October _______, California prepared to seek admission into the Union. Chapter 9, section 3 READ: Pages

____________________________________________ LISTEN: How did American miners treat Chinese miners? What problems did 49ers face in the California gold fields? What impact did settlement of California have on Mexicans already living there?

Compromise of 1850 Westward Expansion Chapter 10, section 1, p

____________________________________________ The Compromise of 1850 admitted ________________ as a free state. Which side of the slavery issue now controlled Congress? To correct this imbalance, what was passed?

North and South torn over slavery. Tension develops over slavery in new territories and states. South threatens to withdraw from Union. _________________admitted as a free state. Residents of new territories allowed to vote on slavery. (“____________ _______________”) _____________gives up claim on New Mexico. ___________ __________law enacted. Compromise provides temporary relief from threats of ____________. Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia. The Compromise of 1850 Westward Expansion Chapter 10, section 1, p

Westward Expansion Compromise of 1850 Chapter 10, section 1, p READ: Pages

____________________________________________ How did California statehood spark a new crisis over slavery? How did the Compromise of 1850 appease both North and South?

Westward Expansion Chapter 10, section 1, Page 327

Westward Expansion Chapter 9, section 3, p.312 Gadsden Purchase:

Kansas-Nebraska Act Westward Expansion Chapter 10, section 2

____________________________________________ The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed: Under this law, voters were to decide for or against slavery themselves. This is known as: Kansas earned this nickname during this time:

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854 ) Divides lands into _________ & ______________ territories. Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by _____________ ______________. Led to violence in the Senate. Pro-slavery and Anti- slavery settlers in ONE AREA lead to conflict Northerners believe this _____________ the Missouri Compromise. Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill. Westward Expansion Chapter 10, section 2, p.3234

Westward Expansion The progression of “compromise” … and the lack of real problem- solving. Chapter 10, section 2, p.335 READ: Page 335

____________________________________________ Which territories were open to slavery in map: A: B: C: Why were so many people upset by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?