Slide 1 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT 4 A Topical Approach to John W. Santrock Health

Slide 2 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Health Health, Illness, and Disease Nutrition and Eating Behavior Exercise Substance Use and Addiction

Slide 3 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Most children’s diets need improvement – Eating away from home, high fat foods Good diet can have long-term effects – Basal metabolism rate (BMR) — minimal amount of energy a person uses in a resting state - suggest how much to eat – Include low fat foods, milk, vegetables, eaten with family away from TV Nutrition and Eating Behavior

Slide 4 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Childhood Obesity Consequences of Obesity – Increases child’s risk of medical problems – Low self-esteem and depression common; has links to bullying Treatment of Obesity – Diet – Exercise – Behavior modification Problem among adolescents Nutrition and Eating Behavior

Slide 5 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Increase in Overweight U.S. Adolescents Nutrition and Eating Behavior Fig. 4.8

Slide 6 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Ethnicity and Overweight in U.S. Adolescents Nutrition and Eating Behavior Fig. 4.9

Slide 7 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa — relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation – Most are white females from well-educated, middle- and upper-income families – Competitive families, high achievement goals – Media and American culture fashion image Bulimia Nervosa — individual consistently follows a binge-purge eating pattern Nutrition and Eating Behavior

Slide 8 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adult Development and Aging Obesity – Heredity and environmental influences – Health problems increasing Dieting – Restrained eating — individuals who chronically restrict food intake to control their weight – Concern for fad diets and obsession with thinness – Most effective programs include exercise – Harms and benefits of various diets Nutrition and Eating Behavior

Slide 9 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Questions About Aging and Nutrition Food Restriction and Longevity – Food-restricted animals live longer, healthier lives – Leaner men live longer, healthier lives – Increase in body mass linked to earlier death The Vitamin-and-Aging Controversy – Antioxidant supplements may slow aging process, improve health of older adults; still controversial – Vitamin supplements help cognitive performance Nutrition and Eating Behavior

Slide 10 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Childhood and Adolescence Concern: lack of exercise and obesity – Boys more physically active at all ages than girls – Effects of TV watching, computers, video games – Childhood habits continue in adolescence Getting children and adolescents to exercise – More physical activity programs at school – Plan community and school exercise activities – Encourage families to focus on physical activity Exercise

Slide 11 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Ways to Get Yourself to Exercise More Reduce TV time Chart your progress Get rid of excuses – Eliminate “I don’t have time” by making exercise a priority Imagine the alternative Learn more about exercise Exercise

Slide 12 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Aging and Longevity Exercise benefits: –Related to preventing and treating disability –Counteract side effects of standard medical care, improve quality- of-life and outcomes –Linked to increased longevity Exercise –Minimize physiological changes in aging, health –Optimize body composition –Related to prevention of common chronic diseases –Associated with improved treatment of diseases

Slide 13 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Physical Fitness and Mortality Exercise Fig. 4.12

Slide 14 © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The End 4