Badminton

Introduction of IBF 、 BWF 国际羽毛球联合会 International Badminton Federation IBF 简称国际羽联， 1934 年由加拿大、丹麦、英格兰、法国、 爱尔兰、荷兰、新西兰、苏格兰和威尔士等发起成立。有 147 个协会会员。正式工作用语为英语。羽毛球在 1996 年 亚特兰大奥运会上被列为正式比赛项目。 羽毛球世界联合会 Badminton World Federation BWF ２００６年国际羽联全体大会通过决议，将 “ 国际羽毛球联 合会（ＩＢＦ） ” 的正式名称更改为 “ 羽毛球世界联合会（ ＢＷＦ） ” 。更改世界羽毛球最高管理组织的名称，主要是 为了突出 “ 羽毛球 ” ，同时以新形象在全球开拓更广阔的羽 毛球市场。

Introduction of BWF 国际羽联举办的主要赛事有 : 汤姆斯杯赛 ( 男子 ), 从 1949 年起每 3 年举行一届, 从 1982 年起改为每两年一届 ; 尤伯杯赛 ( 女子 ), 从 1956 年起每 3 年举行一届, 从 1982 年 起改为每两年一届 ; 世界羽毛球锦标赛,1977 年开始举行 ; 奥运会羽毛球赛、汤姆斯杯和尤伯杯赛都要求先按地 区进行预选赛，优胜者参加决赛阶段的比赛。

Introduction of BWF 1 、尤伯杯 (Uber Cup) ( 世界女子团体羽毛球锦标赛 ) 1956 年开始举行第一届比赛，两年一届，在偶数年举 行。比赛由三场单打，两场双打组成。历史上夺得尤 伯杯冠军最多的国家是中国队，共 11 次。 贝蒂 - 尤伯夫人 (Betty Uber) 是英国 30 年代著名女子羽毛球选手，从 1930 年至 1949 年间，她曾多次夺得全英 羽毛球锦标赛的女子单打、女子双 打和混合双打比赛的冠军。尤伯夫 人在 1956 年的国际羽联理事会上， 正式向国际羽联捐赠由麦皮依和维 伯制作的纪念杯，即现在的尤伯杯 (U ber Cup) 。

Introduction of BWF 2 、汤姆斯杯 ( 世界男子团体羽毛球锦标赛 ) 1934 年国际羽联成立时，英国人汤姆斯被选为主席。 5 年后，汤姆斯在国际羽联会议上提出，组织世界性 男子团体比赛的时机已成熟，并表示将为这一比赛捐 赠一个奖杯，称为 “ 汤姆斯杯 ” 。 汤姆斯杯赛 即世界男子团体羽 毛球锦标赛， 1948 年举行第一 届比赛，现为两年一届，在偶 数年举行。比赛由三场单打， 两场双打组成。 历史上夺得汤 姆斯杯冠军最多的国家是印度 尼西亚队，共 11 次。

Introduction of BWF 3 、世界羽毛球锦标赛 即世界羽毛球单项锦标赛。设有男、女单打、双打和 混合双打五个比赛项目。 1977 年起开始为三年一届， 1983 年改为两年一届，在奇数年进行。 继汤姆斯杯赛、尤伯杯赛和世 界锦标赛世界三大比赛之后， 为了提高世界各国羽毛球运动 的综合实力水平, 1987 年，国际 羽毛球联合会决定新增设一项 世界男女羽毛球混合团体锦标 赛，并以苏迪曼杯作为这一锦 标赛的优胜者奖杯， 1989 年苏 迪曼杯赛正式创办。

Introduction of BWF 4 、苏迪曼杯 - 即 ( 世界羽毛球混合团体比赛 ) 1989 年开始举办，两年一届，在奇数年举行，比赛由 男女单打、男女双打、混双组成。羽毛球是印度尼西 亚的 “ 国球 ”, 苏迪曼杯是该国羽毛球协会代表本国人民 向国际羽毛球联合会捐赠的一座奖杯。 苏迪曼先生（ 1922 一 1986 ）是印度尼西亚一位将毕生 的精力奉献给羽毛球运动的 “ 赤子 ” 。苏迪曼从 10 岁开 始系统地学习羽毛球，后曾多次获得印尼各种羽毛球 比赛的单打、双打冠军。 1975 年出任国际羽毛球联合 会副主席，直至 1986 年去世。苏迪曼先生毕生致力于 世界羽毛球运动。在他去世后，印尼人民为表达对这 位 “ 国球奠基人 ” 的敬意，特向国际羽毛球联合会赠送 了一只以苏迪曼先生命名的奖杯。

As to the beginning of badminton, there are a lot of stories. One says that it started in Japan, the other says that it started from India. But one thing is for sure, that badminton started in the UK in about 1800 was developed from tennis. You may discover that there are a lot of similarities between the two. In the year of 1870, a sort of ball made of feather and wood as well as a bat woven with strings were invented. History of Badminton

Ever since 1873, the sport of badminton become more and more prosperous, when the field was like a gourd, with two wider spaces at both ends and a narrow stretch of land in the middle where a net was set up. This gourd-like field was changed to a square shape in History of Badminton

In 1893, the first badminton committee was established, which was then the British Badminton Association, holding a championship competition in 1899 nationwide. History of badminton

In 1934, an international badminton association was founded with its headquarter in London. The members are Canada, Denmark, Britain, France, Ireland, Holland, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales. Ever from then on, there have been more and more badminton competitions. History of badminton

The reality of this sport is that badminton is officially the fastest of all racket sports. Players can rocket the shuttlecock at speeds of up to 180 mph toward their opponent. But, it is not just all about speed; a player can expect to run up to four miles around the court during a match whilst having the agility to maintain energy-busting rallies. History of badminton

So, whilst stamina and agility are important, certainly at competitive level, the good news is that badminton is open to anyone; all can get involved and this is reflected in the surprisingly high participation rates. History of badminton

Badminton is hugely beneficial to improving your health and fitness and can lead to both stronger muscles and a better cardiovascular system. Playing badminton can have a number of positive health and fitness benefits on your body. Here are some of its key exercise advantages : History of badminton

Key Rules for Badminton The Court The court shall be a rectangle, 13.4 m long, 5.18 m wide for singles and 6.10 m wide for doubles. The court shall be of synthetic material placed on the wooden flooring. The headroom from the floor shall be at least 12 m in the Olympic competition. In the court, the lines shall be easily distinguishable and preferably be colored white or yellow.

The Racket The racket shall be a frame not exceeding 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall width consisting of the main parts as illustrated in the following diagram. The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by the player. The stringed area is the pad of the racket with which it is intended the player hits the shuttle. The head bounds the stringed area.

Net The net shall be made of fine cord of dark color and even thickness with a mesh of not less than 15 mm and not more than 20 mm. It shall be 760 mm in depth and at least 61 meters wide. The top of the net shall be edged with a 75 mm white cloth tape doubled over a cord or cable running through the tape. This tape shall rest upon the cord or cable. The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly. The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be meters at the centre of the court and 1.55 meters over the side lines for doubles.

Shuttlecock The shuttlecock, or shuttle, shall be made from natural and/or synthetic materials. From whatever material the shuttle is made, the flight characteristics generally shall be similar to those produced by a natural feathered shuttle with a cork(木塞) base covered by a thin layer of leather. The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base. The feathers shall have a uniform length between 62 mm to 70 mm when measured from the tip to the top of the base. The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm to 68 mm.

A Toss Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall exercise the choice to serve or receive first, or to start play at one end of the court or the other. The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.

Scoring System A game is won by the first side to score 21 points, not more than 30 points unless both sides score 20 points, when the game shall be won by the first side subsequently gaining a lead of 2 points, or both sides score 29 points, the game shall be won by the first side to score 30 points. The winning side serves first in the next game.

Service Neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once server and receiver have taken their respective positions. The server and receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts without touching the boundary lines of these service courts. Some part of both feet of the server and receiver shall remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service until the service is delivered. The server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle.

Service The whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by the server's racket; the shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in a downward direction to such an extent that the whole of the head of the racket is discernibly below the whole of the server's hand holding the racket. The movement of the server's racket shall continue forwards from the start of the service until the service is delivered. The flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server's racket to pass over the net so that, if not intercepted, it lands in the receiver's service court.

Singles Serving and Receiving Courts The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts when the server has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game. The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service courts when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game.

Scoring and Serving If the receiver makes a fault or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the receiver's court, the server scores a point. The server then serves again from the alternate service court. If the server makes a fault or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the server's court, the server loses the right to continue serving and the receiver then becomes the server.

Doubles At the start of a game, and each time a side gains the right to serve, the service shall be delivered from the right service court. Only the receiver shall return the service: should the shuttle touch or be hit by the receiver's partner, it shall be a fault and the serving side scores a point.

Order of Play and Position on Court After the service is returned, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the serving side and then by either player of the receiving side, and so on, until the shuttle ceases to be in play. After the service is returned, a player may hit the shuttle from any position on that player's side of the net.

Serving and Receiving Courts The player who serves at the start of any game shall serve from, or receive in, the right service court when that player's side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game, and the left service court when that player's side has scored an odd number of points in that game. The player who receives at the start of any game shall receive in, or serve from, the right service court when that player's side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game 9 and the left service court when that player's side has scored an odd number of points in that game. The reverse pattern shall apply to the partners.

Scoring and serving If the receiving side makes a fault or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the receiving side's court, the severing side scores a point and the server serves again. lf the serving side makes a fault or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the serving side's court, the server loses the right to continue serving.

Faults The following is an attempt to describe some of the more common faults to be called in a badminton match. If the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same player or by a player and partner successively. If the shuttle on the racket during the execution of the stroke is caught instead of being distinctly hit. If you stand on a boundary line when serving or receiving the serve. If, while serving, you hit the shuttle when it is above the waist. If, while serving, you hit the shuttle at a time when any part of the head of the racket is higher than any part of your hand.

Exercise Introduction of a famous badminton player or team.