Today’s APODAPOD  Read NASA website:  solarsystem.nasa.gov solarsystem.nasa.gov  Hand in 2 nd Homework TODAY (3 rd due Friday)  IN-CLASS QUIZ THIS FRIDAY!!  Solar Lab, Kirkwood, Rooftop this week The Sun Today A100 Solar System Exploration

Events this week  Sept. 30 – Tuesday – Solar Lab  2:30-3:30 PM, Kirkwood Obs  Oct. 1 – Wednesday - Kirkwood Obs  8:30-10:30 PM  Oct. 2 – Thursday – Rooftop  8:30 PM Swain West WEATHER PERMITTING

2 nd Homework The Solar System Collaboratory Home Kepler’s 1 st & 2 nd laws

Consumer Spending (2006-7)  $20 billion at jewelry stores (US)  $24 billion at liquor stores (US)  $40 billion on weight loss (US)  $23.5 billion on candy and gum (US)  $31 billion on pet toys and supplies (US)  $7 billion on video rentals (US)  $18 billion on makeup (worldwide)  $35 billion on bottled water (worldwide)

What does Space Exploration cost?  NASA budget for FY 2008: ~ $17 Billion  Science$5.3 billion *  Exploration$4.0 billion (SS missions)  Aeronautics$0.7 billion  Space Ops$6.2 billion  Education$0.15 billion * All astronomy research and space telescopes (as well as space weather, Earth systems and lunar research) are in this part.

Beginnings of Space Exploration Robert Goddard Werner von Braun The Cold War NASA Sputnik & Laika the Space Dog, 1957 Explorer

Exploring with Robotic Missions  Russian Luna 2 – Sept  crashes on the Moon  the first spacecraft to reach a destination beyond Earth  Luna 3 – Oct  lunar flyby  first pictures of the far side of the Moon

JFK 1961  Mercury  Gemini  Six Apollo landings “I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth”

Societal Benefits of the Apollo Program  Humans can live on the Moon and Mars  Sustainable resources can be found  Hydrogen, oxygen, water  Advances in Technology  Identification of space hazards and risks  Potential new energy sources from space

How Does the Space Program Benefit YOU?  Computer miniaturization  Weather forecasting  Communications  Navigation (GPS)  Global ecosystem & climate observations & resource management Mainframe IBM computer, early 1970’s

What did we learn from the Moon?  Origin and Evolution of the Moon  Foundation for Comparative Planetology  Record of History of Inner Solar System  Initial Guide to Early History of Earth and Mars  Conditions for the Initiation of Life  Lunar Resource Potential  Future Lunar Scientific Potential

Early Robotic Exploration Soviet  Luna  Luna 9, 1966 – first soft lunar landing  Venera 3 crashes on Venus, 1966  Luna 16, 1970, returns lunar samples  Lunokhod 1 (1970) explored the Moon for 322 Earth days  Mars 2 crashes on Mars, 1973  Venera 9 images from Venus in ‘75 U.S.  Pioneer  Ranger – 1961, 1962  Mariner – 1962  Mars, Venus  Pioneer 10 passes the asteroid belt 1973  Pioneer 10 reaches Jupiter in ‘73; on to Saturn  Mariner 10 photographs Mercury in ‘74  Viking on Mars, ‘76 (DON’T MEMORIZE NAMES AND DATES)

Mariner to Mars  Mariner 4, 6, 7 fly-bys  1965, 1969  craters!  Mariner 9 orbiter  1970, dust storm!  Craters, Olympus Mons, Valles Marineris

The 1980’s  Just 13 robotic explorers launched (all but two successful)  Voyager spacecraft to outer planets  Magellan to Venus in ‘89– Detailed radar map  In 1986 five spacecraft fly past Comet Halley: Japanese (2), Soviet (2), European  Image from European Giotto mission

The 1990’s – Transition to Modern Exploration  Early missions were feats of technology  first images  mapping  limited scientific measurements  Later missions were more focused, better defined science  Galileo arrives at Jupiter  Sojourner/Pathfinder at Mars  Asteroids and Comets Asteroid Ida and its moon Dactyl

Crewed vs. robotic exploration  Crewed exploration  Robotic Exploration

Challenges Facing Earth:  Predicting Natural Disasters  Providing Ample Clean Water  Mitigating Climate Change  Preserving Farmland  Disposing of Waste  Producing Energy Space programs and associated development can help with all of these

TO DO LIST:  Read NASA website (Oncourse)  Hand in 2 nd Homework TODAY (3 rd on Fri.)  IN-CLASS QUIZ FRIDAY!!  Activities TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, & THURSDAY