The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies OUT OF THE SHADOWS: Putting Civil Society on the Economic Map of the World Lester M. Salamon

Government Sector For- profit Sector Civil Society Sector The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies THE GLOBAL ASSOCIATIONAL REVOLUTION

TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SNA HHouseholds G Government Units The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NPISH Sector S.15 Households Sector S.14 General Government Sector S.13 Nonfinancial Corporations Sector S.11 Sectors of the SNA System Type of Institutional Unit Financial Corporations Sector S.12 C1C1 Corporations C2C2 N4N4 N3N3 N2N2 N1N1 Nonprofit Institutions N5N5

How Can Better Data on Civil Society Help? The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies  Visibility/Legitimacy  Spot trends/problems  Improve policy-making  Increase transparency/accountability  Improve National Accounts  Chart NPO contribution

CNPCNP The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Project Countries Venezuela Colombia Brazil Chile Mexico Argentina Slovakia Hungary Romania Poland Japan United States Australia Israel Ireland The Netherlands Austria Spain Germany Finland Belgium France Norway Italy United Kingdom Russia New Zealand Canada Denmark Egypt Kenya Tanzania Uganda South Africa India Pakistan The Philippines Korea Thailand Portugal Morocco Ghana Peru Lebanon Switzerland Sweden Czech Republic Denmark The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Global Civil Society, Volume Two Order Information : Kumarian Press,

The Scale of Nonprofit Activity, 40 Countries  4.6% of economically active population  48.4 million full time equivalent jobs  $1.9 trillion in operating expenditures The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

If the civil society sector were a country... CountryGDP (trillion $) United States $11.7 Japan 4.6 Germany 2.7 China 1.7 United Kingdom 2.1 France 1.9 Italy 1.2 Civil Society Land Expenditures (40 Countries) 1.9 * Canada 1.0 Spain 1.0 Brazil 0.6 Russia 0.6 * In 2004 U.S. Dollars Source of GDP Figures: World Bank The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

CSO workforce as a share of the economically active population, by country The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

THE PROBLEM Institutionalization Additional Variables Relationships with Other Sectors The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Satellite Account

TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE SATELLITE ACCOUNT The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Nonprofit Sector N=  NPI Closing Balance Sheet Generation of income account NPISH Sector S.15 Households Sector S.14 General Gov’t Sector S.13 Nonfinancial Corps Sector S.11 Sectors of the SNA System Variable Financial Corps Sector S.12 Production Account NPI TOTALNPI TOTAL NPI

KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF NPIs The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Satellite Account Volunteer labor Identify government portion of market sales and transfers

U.N. Handbook Implementers and Target Countries The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Cameroon + Ghana+ Kenya +** Mali ** Morocco +** Israel + India ** Philippines +** Kyrgyzstan +** Australia + Japan+ Korea + Argentina + Brazil +** Peru + Mexico+ Canada + United States + Czech Republic + Slovakia+ Belgium + France + Portugal+ Norway+ + committed target As of Sept, 2007 Developing and Transitional Countries Developed Countries Egypt Mozambique ** Nigeria Tanzania Hong Kong, China Chile Uruguay Hungary Poland Russia Italy+ Denmark Germany Netherlands Spain ** = UN Volunteers countries (9) EuropeCentral Europe North AmericaLatin America Asia Other Africa and Middle East New Zealand + South Africa +** Uganda + Thailand + Vietnam + Korea+ Bangladesh China Pakistan

Australia Israel Belgium * Japan Canada * United States* Czech Republic New Zealand* France * Multiple satellite account editions available Completed Satellite Accounts (9) The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Argentina Brazil Release of Satellite Account Imminent (2)

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies United States 2003 Canada Country Average Japan 2004 New Zealand 2004 Belgium 2001 Australia 1999 France 2002 Czech Republic % 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 5.0% 7.3% 7.2% 5.2% 5.0% 4.9% 4.7% 4.2% 1.3% NPI Contribution to GDP, Including Volunteers, by Country and 8-Country Average Volunteer Contribution NPIs Only

5.0% 2.4% 5.6% 7.0% The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies NPI Sector 8-Country Average Electricity, Gas and Water supply Construction Financial Intermediation Transport, Storage and Communication Contribution to GDP, NPI vs Other Industries, 8-Country Average 4% 7% 6% 5% 8% 3% 2% 1% 0% 5.1%

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies 6- Country Average Belgium 2001 France 2002 Canada 2000 Czech Republic 2004 New Zealand 2004 Japan 2004 NPIs as a Percent of NPISH, by Country* *Data not available on Australia and the United States 800% 700% 600% 500% 400% 300% 200% 100% 0% 403% 758% 389% 374% 353% 279% 267% Volunteer Contribution NPIs Only

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Social Services 19% Other 22% Culture and Recreation 17% Education and Research 20% Health 22% Composition of NPI Sector, 7-Country Average % of NPI Value Added

HEALTH SOCIAL SERVICES SPORTS AND RECREATION 66% 53% 42% 0%10%20%30%60%70%40%50% NPI Share of Value Added, Selected Fields, Belgium 2001 The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Sources of NPI Contribution to GDP, Volunteers vs. Other Factors*, 7-Country Average The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Volunteering 24% Other Factors 76%* *Includes employee compensation, consumption of fixed capital, net taxes on production, and operating surplus

Composition of NPI Revenue, 7-Country Average* The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Fees and charges 38% Private philanthropy 35% Government payments 27% *Data not available on France

Composition of NPI Revenue from Philanthropy, Gifts of Time vs. Gifts of Cash, 7-Countries* The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies 7- Country Average Belgium 2001 *Data not available on France Australia 1999 Japan 2004 New Zealand 2004 Canada 2000 United States 2003 Czech Republic % Gifts of Time Gifts of Cash 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 74% 60% 40% 26% 73% 27% 66% 34% 64% 36% 60% 40% 55% 45% 25% 75%

Average Annual Growth of NPIs vs. Total Economy, 5 Countries The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies 5- Country Average Czech Republic Belgium Canada United States Japan *Data not available on Australia, France, and New Zealand Does not include volunteer labor 18% 16.6% 6.7% 7.0% 3.6% 6.4% 5.4% 4.1% 5.3% 6.2% 8.1% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% Total Economy NPI Sector 4.4% -0.3%

PUTTING VOLUNTEER WORK ON THE ECONOMIC MAP OF THE WORLD Johns Hopkins, International Labour Organization, and United Nations Join Forces April 30, 2007 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

NEXT STEPS The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Develop, Secure Approval for, and Implement ILO Manual on Volunteer work UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION Extend HB Coverage to New Countries Create CIVINET (Civil Society Information Network) Launch The State of Global Civil Society Series

NEXT STEPS The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies JOIN US UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION