Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008

Table 1. Electoral Outcomes in Elections where the Presidency Changed Parties, 1912– Insert table 1 here --

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood

Figure 1. George W. Bush Job Approval,

Figure 2. Public Opinion of whether the nation is on the right direction or wrong track,

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making

Table 2. Fundraising and Expenditure Totals for Congressional Candidates, 2008

Table 3. Party Campaign Committee Fundraising and Spending, 2008

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage

Figure 3. U.S. Partisan Identification,

Figure 4. Generic Congressional Ballot,

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage Exploiting the Republican Disadvantage

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage Exploiting the Republican Disadvantage A Ray of Hope for the GOP

Figure 5. Split-ticket Voting,

Figure 6. Congressional Job Approval,

Cases in Congressional Campaigns: Incumbents Playing Defense Playing Defense in a Year of Change Macrolevel Political Dynamics in 2008 A Disagreeable Public Mood An Economy in Turmoil Strategic Decision-making The Democrats Foundational Advantage Exploiting the Republican Disadvantage A Ray of Hope for the GOP Playing Defense in a Year of Change

Figure 7. Gains and losses by the presidents party in presidential elections,