10. A Sketch on Environmental Macroeconomics 1.Economic Growth and the Natural Environment 2.National Accounting and the National Environment

10.2 National Accounting and the Natural Environment 1. Natural Resources2. Land and surface water (hectares) 3. Ecosystems 1.1 Mineral and energy resources (cubic metres, tonnes, tonnes of oil equivalents, joules) 2.1 Land underlying buildings and structures 3.1 Terrestrial ecosystems 1.2 Soil resources (cubic metres, tonnes) 2.2 Agricultural land and associated surface water 3.2 Aquatic ecosystems 1.3 Water resources (cubic metres)2.3 Wooded land and associated surface water 3.3 Atmospheric systems 1.4 Biological resources (timber, crops and plants, aquatic resources, animals other than aquatic) 2.4 Major water bodies Other land- Table 10.1 SEEA Classification of Natural Assets (see UN et al. 2003, p. 252)

Accounting for Sustainability CountryANS China35.1 India24.2 Japan15.3 USA0.9 Netherlands-1.2 Equatorial Guinea-38.4 Angola-42.6 Table 10.2 Adjusted Net Saving as a Percentage of Gross National Income, 2008 (see World Bank 2011, p )

Modified ISEW per Capita Fig US per Capita Values for Modified ISEW and GDP, $US, constant 2005 prices (see Beca and Santos 2010, p. 815)

Living Planet Index RealmPercent change, Total-28 Terrestrial-25 Freshwater-35 Marine-24 Table 10.3 Trends in Living Planet Indices, (see WWF 2010, p. 103)

LPI and Country Income Income categoryLPI percent change, High5 Middle-25 Low-58 Table 10.4 Change in the LPI by Country Income Group, (see WWF 2010, p. 103)

EU Sustainability Indicators Socioeconomic development Sustainable consumption and production Social inclusionClimate change and energy Growth rate of GDP per inhabitant Resource productivityInequality of income distribution Greenhouse gas emissions Net National IncomeMunicipal waste generated Individuals’ level of computer skills Gross inland energy consumption, by fuel Employment rateEmissions of acidify-ing substances by source sector Public expenditure on education (for subtheme Education) Electricity generated from renewable sources Total investmentElectricity consump-tion of households Life expectancy at age 65, by gender Implicit tax rate on energy Genuine savings (to be developed) Livestock density index General government debt External costs of energy use (to be developed) Table 10.5 Selected EU Sustainability Indicators (see Eurostat 2009, p )

Classification of Indicators SourceIncomeHybridWealth Man-made Wealth Natural Wealth Total UN SNAGDP---Balance sheet UN SNANDP---Balance sheet Atkinson/ Hamilton GNDP---Genuine savings WWF---LPI- UN---SEEA- Daly/CobbISEW---- Eurostat-EU set--- Table 10.6 Classification of Indicators