1 Some Issues about Big Data in Power Grid Gary Quan

2 Purpose: To transmit electric power from power source to user Reliable (Traditional viewpoint) Smart (Smart Grid viewpoint) Flexible, Share, Open (Energy Internet viewpoint) Constitution: First side: power lines; transformers Second side: automation systems; metering system; communication network Civil: towers; stations; buildings; boxes Plenty of people, Company What is Power Grid

3 Voltage Levels (in China): Transmission grid: 1000kV, +-800kV DC, 750 kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV Distribution Grid: 35kV, 10kV, 400V Topology: Transmission Grid: net Distribution Grid: ring, tree What is Power Grid

4 Power generation Power Transmission Power Transformation Power Distribution Power Utilization Large Scale New Energy Generation and Synchronization… UHV Power Transmission, FACTS, Super Conducting Power Transmission, MTDC… Smart Substation… ADA, ADM, CP, DG & Storage, Microgrid… AMI, DR, Smart Residential Area, EV Charging & Discharging... Links:

5 Very Clear: Like a water supply system, but without water tower Stability depends on the amount of capacity Result: Not so stable Under strict supervision How Power Grid Works Power Plant Power Grid Water Tower （ doesn’t exist ） User Explode! Just kidding!

6 Operate Means: Balance Protection Transient Process under Disturbance Wave Transient Process Electromagnetic Transient Process Electromechanical Transient Process Solutions (Transmission grid): Faults: Protection system Power Balance: Scheduling system, Power plant automation Monitoring: SCADA, WAMS How to Operate Power Grid

7 Highlight Problem: Distributed Automation: Most fatalities are caused by the uncoordinated action logics of distributed automation devices Solution: Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control- WAMPAC Data in Power Grid Based on wide area data sensing, transmitting, analyzing

8 Parameters: Voltage: sensitive to fault, power line impedance Current: sensitive to fault Phase: sensitive to power direction, user loads Frequency: sensitive to power balance Power Flow: sensitive to power balance Metering: sensitive to user behavior Parameters of parameters: Location, Communication, Sample Rate, Sample Precision, Latency, Synchronization Most Powerful: PMU Data in Power Grid

9 Features: Determined: based on circuitry Correlated: dependent on time, space No stochastics: in normal viewpoint Problems that may be solved by data: Pattern Recognition Data Mining Modeling based on Statistics Data in Power Grid Solve Macro Problem Macro Information