Presented By: DUDBC Assessment Group

 To access the damage induced by the 2068/6/1 Taplejung Earthquake.  To evaluate the overall approximate cost of damage caused by the Earthquake.  To study about the damage patterns for the formulation of the trainings concerning Earthquake Resistant Construction of Buildings.

Study Area Team 1 Location: Dhankuta, Tehrathum, Bhojpur, Sankhuwasabha Team 2 Location: Jhapa,Ilam,Taplejung, Panchthar Team Member:(Ilam) S.D.E. Binay Charan Shrestha Mahesh Singh Himal K.C. Parikshit P. Kadariya Binod Shrestha (Pulchowk Campus) Bhim Paudel (Home Ministry) Team Member: (Dhankuta) S.D.E. Sagar Krishna Joshi Nabin Malakar Ram Chandra Thapa Govinda Thapa Bishow Kumar Shrestha (Pulchowk Campus) Maiya Kandel (Home Ministry)

 Secondary data was taken from Home Ministry.  The data was verified from the respective CDO Office.  Field Visits were conducted with co-ordination from CDO Office, Municipality, VDC's, Police, Red Cross and other NGOs.  Sample buildings were selected in such a way that it covers all the Damage Grades according to the data of Home Ministry.

 Data was collected according to the approved format of MoPPW.  Two types of forms were used.  Rapid Evaluation Form  Detailed Evaluation Form

 Data was organized to get the real picture of the damage.  Data was divided according to the damage grade of buildings.  The Data was sorted out to find the types of construction as well as types of occupancy.

Grade 1 : Negligible to slight damage (no structural damage, slight non-structural damage) Hair-line cracks in very few walls. Fall of small pieces of plaster only. Fall of loose stones from upper parts of buildings in very few cases. Grade 2 : Moderate damage (slight structural damage, moderate non-structural damage) Cracks in many walls. Fall of fairly large pieces of plaster. Partial collapse of chimneys. Classification of damage to masonry buildings

Grade 3 : Substantial to heavy damage (moderate structural damage, heavy non-structural damage) Large and extensive cracks in most walls. Roof tiles detach. Chimneys fracture at the roof line; failure of individual non-structural elements (partitions, gable walls). Grade 4 : Very heavy damage (heavy structural damage, very heavy non-structural damage) Serious failure of walls; partial structural failure of roofs and floors. Classification of damage to masonry buildings

Grade 5 : Destruction (very heavy structural damage) Total or near total collapse. Classification of damage to masonry buildings

 All grades of damage were seen.  The data of Home Ministry was correlated with the damage grades as follows Home MinistryDamage Grade Minor DamageDG-1 Partial DamageDG-2 & DG-3 Total Damage (Collapse)DG-4 & DG-5

 Corner Failures/Cracks  Shear Failures and Diagonal Cracks.  Cracks at Openings.  Gable fall down and cracks.  De-lamination of wall  Bulging / Falling of unsupported long walls.  Damage / Falling of Free Standing Walls.  Improper Load Path  Soft Storey Problems.  Torsion  Complete Collapse  Rocking Failure  Floor Separation  Out of Plane Failure  Settlement / Slope Failure  Floor Drift/ Slide

 Lack of Through Stones  Lack of Bands(Sill, Lintel and Gable)and Stitches  Slenderness Ratio Exceeded  Improper Opening Positions and Sizes.  Lack of Better Bonding Between Masonry unit.  Irregular Configuration  Improper Site Selection  Wrong Load Path  Lack of Integrity between Ground Floor and First Floor.  Lack of Vertical Reinforcement at Junction.

 The following recovery measures were suggested for different damage grades.  For DG-1 and other unaffected buildings, it is suggested to retrofit them to cope with the upcoming Earthquakes. Damage GradeSuggested Recovery Measures DG-2Repair + Retrofit DG-3Repair, Retrofit + Partial Demolish. DG-4 & DG-5Demolish

Amount in Rs. Retrofitting with wood members Retrofitting with Concrete members Repair of cracked wall per meter length Cost of new construction Cost of new construction with using usable existing materials ( 60% of New Construction Cost)

Damage Grade Total House No. Unit Cost in Rs.Total Cost G *20=19,940= 2,21,53,340 G2 & G =83,166=81,07,85,334 G4 & G552935,00,000=2,64,65,00,000 Total=3,47,94,38,674

Damage Grade School Building Other Government Building G2 & G G4 & G