KNR 270: General Concepts

Recreation / Leisure Review  What is recreation?  What is free time?  What is leisure? Time Activity Experience Perceived freedom Intrinsic motivation Enjoyment

Definitions  Disability  Therapeutic recreation  Special recreation  Inclusive recreation Reverse inclusion Parallel competition

People with Disabilities  When you think about disabilities… What do you see? What disability do you think about?  There are a variety of definitions for disability Social Security deals with ability to work

Definition of Disability (ADA)  Physical or mental impairment  That significantly limits  One or more major life activities Seeing, hearing, speaking, walking, dressing, feeding, working, learning, recreating, etc.

Definition  2002 Supreme Court Case Diabetes Courts were narrowing who was covered  Americans with Disabilities Amendment Act of 2008 (ADAAA) Congress fixed back to original intent Effective 1/1/2009 Title 1 Effective 5/24/2011

Major Life Activities Include but not limited to:  Caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, sitting, reaching, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, interacting with others, and working

Major Life Activities AND  The operation of a major bodily function, including functions of the immune system, special sense organs and skin; normal cell growth; and digestive, genitourinary, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, cardiovascular, endocrine, hemic, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, and reproductive functions. The operation of a major bodily function includes the operation of an individual organ within a body system.

Substantially Limits  Mitigating Measures Will Not Be Considered Medication, medical supplies, equipment, or appliances, low- vision devices (defined as devices that magnify, enhance, or otherwise augment a visual image, but not including ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses), prosthetics including limbs and devices, hearing aid(s) and cochlear implant(s) or other implantable hearing devices, mobility devices, and oxygen therapy equipment and supplies Use of assistive technology Reasonable accommodations or "auxiliary aids or services," Learned behavioral or adaptive neurological modifications Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or physical therapy.

Substantially Limits  Episodic or in Remission, Limitations Will Be Considered As if Active  Only One Major Life Activity Needs to be Substantially Limited

Includes  Sensory (visual and hearing impairments)  Communication (speech impairments)  Cognitive (intellectual disability, brain injury)  Physical (cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis)  Chronic (cardiac and pulmonary disease)  Mental health (depression, schizophrenia)  Chemical dependence (not drug abuse)  HIV infection  See Dattilo, 2012

Disability (ADA – 3 prong) 1. Physical or mental impairment 2. Record of disability 3. Regarded as having a disability

Types of Disabilities in US  Physical disability58%  Sensory disability 9%  Mental illness 5%  Metal retardation or cognitive disability 4%  Health problems24%  More than 1 condition40% National Catholic Partnership on Disability, 2003

Number of People with Disabilities in US  When ADA passed in 1990, 43 million Americans  1997, Census Bureau, 53 million Americans  2012, Dattilo, 2012, 54 million Americans  2000, Harris Survey, 58 million Americans 20% of population has 1 or more disabilities 10% of that number has severe disabilities  Increasing numbers of people with disabilities

United Nations  More than 500 million people in the world are disabled from mental, physical or sensory impairments In most countries, at least 1/10 have disabilities 25% of any population is affected by the presence of disability World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons  In 2013, more than 1 billion

Therapeutic Recreation, Special Recreation, Inclusive Recreation

Therapeutic Recreation  Uses treatment (functional intervention), education, and recreation services  To help people with illnesses, disabilities, and other conditions  To develop and use their leisure  In ways that enhance their health, functional abilities, independence, and quality of life NTRS (2000)

Therapeutic Recreation (Cont.)  Therapeutic recreation programs are staffed by CTRSs Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist  Graduated from accredited program in TR  Specific courses  Internship under supervision of CTRS  Passed an examination (NCTRC)  Continuing education  TR is not the focus of KNR 270

Special Recreation  Provision of recreation programs and services  That are provided for people who require special accommodations  Because of unique needs they have owning to some physical, cognitive, or psychological disability Kennedy, Smith, & Austin (1991)

Special Recreation (Cont.)  Programs are usually provided in segregated or specialized settings  Often exclusively for people with disabilities  Are often staffed by CTRSs  Not the primary focus of KNR 270  Will see examples in class

Inclusive Recreation  Provision of recreation programs and services for all people  No one is excluded  Accommodations are made to facilitate and support participation  Are staffed by general recreation professionals  May be supported by CTRS  Will be the focus of KNR 270

Reverse Inclusion  Programs are designed for PWD  People who do not have disabilities are allowed to participate  Encourages interaction

Parallel Competition  Competing in different events that are held at the same time Walk for the Cure  Ambulatory  Wheelchair