Section 2 Rhineland? Anchluss? Sudetenland? Appeasement and Munich Conference? Danzig? Non Aggression Pact??? Invasion of Poland Fall of France −.−. Path to War review….. (cont.)

Section 2 Hitler next announced German claims to the Sudetenland, an area of Czechoslovakia with a large German-speaking population. −At the Munich Conference, on September 29, 1938, Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demands, a policy that came to be known as appeasement.appeasement Path to War (cont.) The Causes of World War II in Europe, 1935–1939

Section 2 However, in March 1939 Germany sent troops into Czechoslovakia and divided the country. −The Czech lands became a German protectorate. Path to War (cont.) The Causes of World War II in Europe, 1935–1939 A month after the Munich Conference, Hitler demanded control of Danzig, a part of Poland. −He also requested a highway and railroads across the Polish Corridor.

Section 2 On March 31, 1939, Britain announced that if Poland went to war to defend its territory, Britain and France would come to its aid. Poland refused to give in to Germany’s demands. Germany and the USSR signed a nonaggression pact on August 23, 1939.Germany and the USSR signed a nonaggression pact on August 23, Path to War (cont.)

Section 2 The War Begins After Poland and France fell to the Nazis, the British evacuated thousands of trapped troops from Dunkirk.

Section 2 By October 5, 1939, the Germans had defeated the Polish military. The Polish army was outdated; plus, the Germans used a new type of warfare called blitzkrieg. blitzkrieg Next target was France. Rather than risk their troops by attacking, the French preferred to wait behind the Maginot Line for the Germans to approach.Maginot Line The War Begins (cont.)

Section 2 This decision proved to be disastrous for two reasons: −It allowed Germany to concentrate on Poland first before turning west to face the British and French.concentrate −Hitler decided to go around the Maginot Line, which protected France’s border with Germany, but not France’s border with Belgium. The War Begins (cont.)

Section 2 As soon as the attack began, British and French forces raced north into Belgium. The War Begins (cont.) −When the Germans reached France, the British and French were still in Belgium and could not move back quickly enough. −The Germans began to drive them toward the English Channel at the Battle of Dunkirk.Battle of Dunkirk. −Paris was lost.

Section 2 Britain Remains Defiant Despite the bombing of London and other major cities, Britain’s Winston Churchill stood firm against the threat of Nazi invasion.

Section 2 On June 4, 1940, Winston Churchill delivered a defiant speech in Parliament, vowing that Britain would never surrender. The Luftwaffe and the Royal Air Force battled from June 1940 into the fall of 1940, an air battle that became known as the Battle of Britain. On August 23, German bombers accidentally bombed London. In return, the British bombed Berlin. Britain Remains Defiant (cont.)

Section 2 Although the Royal Air Force was outnumbered, the British used a new technology called radar to detect the arrival of German planes. The British fighters inflicted more losses on the Germans than they suffered themselves, and on October 12, 1940, Hitler canceled the invasion of Britain. Britain Remains Defiant (cont.)

Chapter Intro 1 America and the World How did events after WWI lead to dictatorships and American neutrality?

Section 1 American Neutrality Most Americans did not want to get involved in another European war, despite Roosevelt’s emphasis on internationalism.

Section 1 Isolationist ideas became stronger in the early 1930s for two reasons: −In 1934, all of the debtor nations except Finland announced they would no longer repay their war debts. −The Nye Committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war, creating the impression that these businesses influenced the decision to go to war. American Neutrality (cont.)

Section 1 Worried that the actions of Italy and Germany might lead to war, Congress passed the Neutrality Act of −Later, they passed the Neutrality Act of 1937, which required the countries at war to pay cash and to send their own ships to pick up any nonmilitary supplies. American Neutrality (cont.) The Neutrality Acts, 1935–1937

Figure 5

Chapter Intro 4 America Enters the War How did the United States become involved in World War II?

Section 4 FDR Supports England President Roosevelt favored changes in American neutrality laws, although Americans remained divided about the war and American involvement.

Section 4 FDR Supports England President Roosevelt favored changes in American neutrality laws, although Americans remained divided about the war and American involvement.

Section 4 Soon after the war began, Roosevelt called Congress into a special session to revise the neutrality laws.revise −Under the Neutrality Act of 1939, warring nations could buy weapons from the U.S. only on a “cash-and-carry” basis. −He used a loophole in the neutrality act to send 50 old American destroyers to Churchill in exchange for the right build American bases on British-controlled Newfoundland, Bermuda, and islands in the Caribbean. FDR Supports England (cont.)

Section 4 Edging Toward the War In 1940 and 1941, the United States took more steps to provide aid to Great Britain.

Section 4 By December 1940, Great Britain had run out of funds to wage war against Germany. Edging Toward the War (cont.) −Roosevelt proposed the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the United States to lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States.” −After Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, this act also helped them.

Section 4 Japan Attacks The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor led the United States to declare war on Japan.

Section 4 As an island nation, Japan was lack many natural resources. Japan military government invaded Manchuria China in Japanese soldiers committed horrible atrocities leading to death of millions of Chinese by the end of the war. In the late 1930’s however isolationist feelings remained strong in America. Japanese Aggressions

Section 4 By 1940, public opinion shifts as Japanese aggressions against China are seen in the light of Germany’s aggressions in Europe. In July 1940 Congress gave the president the power to restrict the sale of strategic materials to Japan.strategic materials Japan responds by forming a formal military alliance with Germany and Italy know as the “Axis” powers. American Response

Section 4 In 1941, Roosevelt began sending lend-lease aid to China in hopes of enabling the Chinese to tie down the Japanese and prevent them from attacking elsewhere. Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets ($ in banks) in the United States, reduced the amount of oil being shipped to Japan. American Response

Section 4 Japan Attacks The Japanese then planned a series of attacks, including in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. And US base in Philippines. Surprise but not really a surprise attack Congress voted in favor of declaring war on Japan.

Section 4 On December 11, Germany and Italy both declared war on the United States. Japan Attacks (cont.)