Mr. Dzicek U.S. History (10) Review PowerPoint Ch.1: Many Cultures Meet Mr. Dzicek U.S. History (10) Review PowerPoint

Terms/People to Know Ice Age- time lasting thousands of years when Earth was covered by ice/glaciers. Migrate- to move, travel. Mayas- Native peoples along the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean coast.

Terms/People to Know Aztecs- Native peoples of central Mexico (became most powerful) Adobe- type of sun-dried brick used to make houses (typically in the Southwest)(Hohokams) Iroquois League- Made up of Iroquois peoples (five groups… Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas). Designed to promote peaceful cooperation among member nations.

Terms/People to Know Middle Ages- began with fall of Rome. No effective central government, constant threat of famine, disease, war. Renaissance- 1400s Europe. Renewed interest in learning, arts/sciences. Reconquista- Wars waged by Europeans (Portugal, Aragon,Castile) to force out Muslim Moors in SW Europe.

Terms/People to Know Prince Henry the Navigator- Started Portuguese efforts to sail into Atlantic, spread Christianity, get rid of Muslim domination of trade. Ghana- Earliest kingdom in W. Africa. Thrived in trade, had major Muslim influence. Supplied much of gold to Med. Region.

Terms/People to Know Mali- Kingdom that rose once Ghana fell. Mansa Musa- Most famous ruler of Mali kingdom. Increased role of Islam, promoted scholarship (university in Timbuktu) Songhai- Ruled by Askia Muhammad. Focused on Islamic education. Conquered Mali.

Terms/People to Know Bartolomeu Dias- Portuguese mariner. Got around southern Africa. Vasco da Gama- Portuguese mariner who reached India, opening trade. Portuguese dominance of south and east Africa.

Terms/People to Know Christopher Columbus- Italian. Sailed on behalf of Spain. Seeking route to China. Wanted to revive Christianity, sailed west. Ended up in the Americas. John Cabot- Italian. Sailed on behalf of England. Arrived in New Foundland. Pedro Alvarez Cabral- Portuguese explorer who sailed to Brazil (1500)

Terms/People to Know Amerigo Vespucci- Italian. Explored South American coast and declared it a new continent. Mapmakers called both continents the “Americas.” Ferdinand Magellan- succeeded in encircling the entire globe.

Terms/People to Know Conquistadors- Spanish explorers who explored Central Mexico and conquered the Indian civilizations living there. Hernan Cortes- Spanish explorer. Captured Tenochtitlan; defeated the Aztecs. Moctezuma- Aztec ruler. Fought against Cortes. Originally invited Cortes into Tenochtitlan in an effort to intimidate.

Questions to Consider How did the spread of civilization begin in the Americas? How did the ice age lead to the migration of people to the Americas? What building style did the Mississippian culture take from Mexican culture?

Questions to Consider What were three common cultural characteristics shared by most Native Americans? How did Europeans begin to explore more of the world? What was the structure of European society during the 1400s?

Questions to Consider How did the Crusades help to expand Europe’s horizons? Why were the Portuguese venturing into the Atlantic Ocean? What was life like in West Africa before the age of European exploration?

Questions to Consider Why did West Africa become an important trade center? What role did landownership hold in West African culture? How did the Portuguese come into contact with West Africans? How did European exploration affect the Americas?

Questions to Consider Why was Spain eager to find a new route across the Atlantic? What was Columbus’s purpose in sailing west across the Atlantic? What role did disease play in the defeat of the native populations of the Americas? What was the Columbian Exchange?

The BIG Question How did the interaction of many cultures after 1492 affect the Americas?