Developed after the Civil War 1.The loss of buffalo- population increase in the east causes the value of cattle to rise. --$4- $40- $50 2. Texas Longhorn-

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Developed after the Civil War

1.The loss of buffalo- population increase in the east causes the value of cattle to rise. --$4- $40- $50 2. Texas Longhorn- most popular - Bred in Texas (English and Spanish mix) -Live on grass and little water --Immune to Tick disease- “Texas Fever” 3. Problems- over grazing Tough and stringy meat Moved long distances to rail lines Long drives- 100’s of miles (2-4 months)/ difficult Need many cowboys Texas to Missouri to Kansas (not immune to Texas Fever) Stampede- dangerous (thunder, coyote, sneeze, guns) Crossing rivers- deep and swift currents- drown cattle

1. Rail head- town located along railroad 2. Cattle town boomed- casinos, saloons, general store, barber shop, hotel, inns, doctors, teachers, butchers, sheriffs, lawyers, etc. 4. Effects a. Jobs- for men- bartend, sheriff -For children- run errands, stables -For women- cook, cleaned, laundry, restaurants, mend clothes, boarding -Create good economy b.Schools- educated c.Police force- reform Attempt at Prohibition/ Temperance of alcohol (saloons and gambling halls) 3.Why? - Cattle herders/ cowboys spent $ after they got paid so businesses are needed to spend $

1. Indian Territory becomes public/ private land 2. Gov. allows open grazing- (free) on public lands 3. Large companies own large ranches 4. Rise of sheep farming

A.Everyone had to work 1. Women- cooked and cleaned for all -Mend clothes and fences -A restaurant or textile shop, boarding house -Lonely- men all gone 2. Children- errands, repairs, chores, herding, brake horses 3. Cowboys- hired by ranch owner -Very tough- hard work- lonely -Worked in crazy weather- tornadoes, blizzards, earthquakes, thunderstorms -Little money -Away for long times- bad for relationships (family) -Average of 7 years work before settling -Most: white southern civil war vets -1/3- Black, Mexican, Mexican-American Less discrimination on range though Mexicans faced discrimination- not allowed to supervise non-Mexican

1. Too many cattle ranches Too much grazing damages grasslands No profit (lower prices) 2. Invention of barbed wire fence reduces the grazing area 3. Few years of bad weather killed cattle, cold winters and drought, some farmers lost 90% of cattle 4. Realization: End of Boom- 20 years long