1. Big Ranches and Big Farming

2. Big Ranches Huge ranches took over south and west Texas Occurred after NA were removed and buffalo were slaughtered The state of Texas offered 3 million acres to a Chicago beef company in order to build the capital building in Austin

3. Mustangers Horses were valuable to ranching during the 1870s Catching and training mustangs became profitable Most mustangers were MA and AA

4. Sheep Industry Booms Settlers began breeding European and Mexican sheep Produced twice as much wool Sheep ranchers began fighting with cattle ranchers for land rights

5. Barbed Wire Ends the Open Range By 1880 ranchers began fencing off land on the open range Blocked other ranchers herds from food and water supply Forced ranchers to build windmills in order to pump water for animals

6. Ranching Declines Ranching declined rapidly in late 1880s Large profits led ranchers to produce too many cattle Cattle consumed too much grass which ruined graze lands Over abundance also caused beef prices to fall Severe blizzards and droughts forced ranchers to sell land as farmland

7. Farming on the Rise After the Civil War farmers moved to west Texas Windmills pumped water and allowed farmers to produce profitable crops The railroad allowed farmers to transport crops across the country

8. King Cotton Most important crop in Texas was cotton The typical Texan was a cotton farmer Railroads allowed cheap efficient transportation to sell cotton at higher prices Locust swarms and droughts ruined many farms in the late 1880s

9. The Tenant System A tenant farmer would use the land and the land owner would receive part of the crop Some landowners provided tools, seeds, and supplies – Share croppers Most tenant farmers and share croppers were former slaves

10. Assignment Copy the question and answer in complete sentences 1.In what way did ranching play a part in building the state capitol in Austin? 2.List two reasons cattle ranching ended in Texas. 3.How did the invention of barb wire affect the development of Texas? 4.How did farmers in West Texas get water? 5.What was the main crop of West Texas farms? 6.What is the difference between a tenant farmer and share cropper?