Iranian Revolution

Ayatollah Khomeini Iranian Shi’ite leader February 1979 Overthrow Shah of Iran Hostage Crisis “Get rid of all western influences”

Overthrows Shah of Iran January 1979 Sitting on his “Peacock Throne” Pro-West (freedoms) Lived lavish life while poverty consumed much of his nation

Khomeini’s Control Establishes an Islamic Republic Iranians seize American hostages Young Revolutionaries Women lost many rights

Khomeini’s Control Women wear chadors Anyone opposed to him or loyal to the shah were killed Western books and music were banned Iran encouraged Muslims in other countries to overthrow secular governments

Iranian Hostage Crisis November 4, 1979 – January 20, 1981 US allows Shah into United States for medical treatment Iranian students seize the American embassy in Tehran 52 Americans were held for 444 days

Hostage Crisis US plans a rescue of hostages but it fails Hostages are finally released the minute after Ronald Reagan is inaugurated (just to spite Carter)- Jan 1981 Carter’s presidency was over when the rescue plan failed

Iran – Iraq War September 1980 Suddam Hussein is leader of Iraq Iraq invaded Iran’s disputed oil rich province of Khuzestan Lasts 8 years 500,000 dead 1988 Both nations agree to cease-fire

Results of Iran-Iraq War Millions dead Oil shipments disturbed The US gave aid to Iraq and Saddam Hussein

Iran After Khomeini Khomeini dies in 1989 Islamic Republic began to be eased Islam continues to play a large part of Iranian life Currently having issues with UN over nuclear research

Persian Gulf War 1990

President George Bush Sr. versus Suddam Hussein

US Leaders in War Colin Powell – Chairman, Joint Chief of Staff Dick Cheney – Secretary of Defense

General Norman Schwarzkopf “Stormin’ Norman”

Desert Storm Hussein turned his attention to another disputed oil rich neighbor – Kuwait UN approved attack US leads 28 other nations War lasts 4 days, “100 hour war” United States are victorious

Results of Persian Gulf War No fly zones were established over Iraq to protect the Kurd minority from brutality Saddam continues to be a nuisance to the US

US Marines Fire At Iraq

Afghanistan Post USSR – Taliban takes control of government Severe restrictions: Conservative Islamic rule Osama Bin Laden uses country to train followers and plan attacks on the West September 11, WTC struck by al qaeda US response = invasion of Afghanistan

Persian Gulf War 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom

George W. Bush

Saddam Hussein Iraq invades oil-rich Kuwait 1990 U.N. imposes economic sanctions Iraq does not leave Multinational force drives Iraq out

Operation Iraqi Freedom Iraq has been ordered to disarm UN weapons inspectors prove to be useless (in George Ws eyes) UN does not support the US attack US attacks Iraq on Wednesday, March 19 Much anti-war sentiment around the globe

Other Important Leaders General Tommy Franks Overall Combat Commander

Great Britain – US Supporter Prime Minister Tony Blair has been George Ws best friend since 9/11 Britain sends 42,000 troops Britain begin attack on Thursday, March 21

Colin Powell – Secretary of State Donald Rumsfeld – Secretary of Defense

Opposition vs. Support France Germany China North Korea Great Britain Spain Australia Turkey (allows US to use airspace)

United States Launches ‘Shock and Awe’ Bombing Already used three times as much artillery as in Persian Gulf War Massive Bombardment Massive Explosions March 21, 2003 A-Day

Getting Closer to Baghdad US stumble upon potential chemical weapons facility 100 acres 150 South of Baghdad Iraqis are fighting back

Other Events of the War So Far Iraqi’s are being deceptive and blending as civilians; also surrendering and then attacking Saddam was captured, tried and executed President Obama has pledged a pull out and turning the conflict over to the Iraqi people, as they have an established democratic government

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Social Issues Modernization and westernization vs. traditional Muslim values Some women expected to be subordinate, but urbanization and modernization creating tensions Women can now vote in all Middle Eastern nations except Saudi Arabia (monarchy) Many Muslim nations accept western technology, but not values and culture