HISPANIC REALITIES IN NORTH AMERICA Implications for UBA Daniel R. Sánchez

REALITY # 1 The growth of the Hispanic American population has exceeded even the boldest projections of demographic experts

Between 1970 and 2005 THE HISPANIC POPULATION THE HISPANIC POPULATION Grew by 32 MILLION (1970) TO A TOTAL OF 42 MILLION (2005) 44 MILLION (2007) ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003)

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IMMIGRATION CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IMMIGRATION Source: Current Population Survey, March of every 10 immigrants each year are Hispanic

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS BIRTHS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS BIRTHS Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000 In in every 6 was Hispanic By in every 3 will be Hispanic)

In 2006 Hispanics grew more by births than by immigrations

7 Population in millions Projected Hispanic Population Growth Middle Series Projections Census

HISPANIC GROWTH Hispanic Americans are now the largest minority group in America [i] [i] Have accounted for half of US population growth since 2000 [ii] [ii] [i][i] Dallas Morning News, “Report: Hispanic Population Surging,” June, 9, 2005, 13A. [i] [ii][ii] D’vera Cohn, “Hispanic population keeps gaining numbers,” Star Telegram, June 9, 2005, 5A. [ii]

REALITY # 2 Hispanics have spread throughout the country faster than any previous immigrant group

10

11

12

13

Top States Hispanic Population (2005) 14 RankState Population 1California12,722,962 2Texas8,029,844 3Florida3,467,455 4New York3,101,626 5Illinois1,826,283 *Population Estimates as of July 1

Top Counties Hispanic Population (2005) 15 RankCounty Population 1Los Angeles County, CA4,653,666 2Harris County, TX1,480,000 3Miami-Dade County, FL1,480,000 4Cook County, IL1,179,596 5Maricopa County, AZ1,055,573 *Population Estimates as of July 1

Top States % Growth (2000 – 2005) 16 RankState Growth (%) 1Arkansas49.0 2Georgia46.5 3South Carolina45.4 4North Carolina44.2 5Tennessee44.2 *Population Estimates as of July 1 (For states with 100,000 or more Hispanics in 2005)

17

18

Hispanic Population in Texas (1980 – 2000) City Population % Growth %of Pop Hispanic Houston 1,247, San Antonio 816, Dallas 810, El Paso 591, McAllen 503, Ft Worth 309, Austin 254,

URBAN HISPANIC GROWTH Areas % of Hisp Pop %+ Areas % of Hisp Pop %+ Established Hispanic Metros – 52% 97% New Hispanic Destinations 19% 303% Fast-growing Hispanic Hubs 25% 235% Small Hispanic Places 02% 81% Total 145% (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America, ”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center) (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America, ”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

Established Hispanic Metros (16) (Large base / slow growth) CityPopulation (2002) %+ CityPopulation (2002) %+ Los Angeles4,242, New York2,339, Chicago1,416, Miami1,291, (These “Gateway Cities” posted the largest absolute increases between 1980 and 2000)

Established Hispanic Metros (Large base / slow growth) Pop 1980Pop 2002% Change Pop 1980Pop 2002% Change 7,180,20614,119,00697% 7,180,20614,119,00697% Cities: Albuquerque, Chicago, Denver, El Paso, Fresno, Jersey City, Los Angeles, Mc Allen, Miami. New York, Oakland, San Antonio, San Francisco, San Jose, Tucson, Ventura

Fast Growing Hispanic Hubs (11) (Large base / fast growth) CityPopulation (2000)%+ CityPopulation (2000)%+ Houston 1,248, Dallas810, Austin327, Bakersfield254,760192

Evangelistic Implications 1. The Hispanic population is growing in all metropolitan areas – Urban strategies are needed 2. New patterns of growth have developed. –New Destinations –Suburbs –Adjoining towns 3. Metro areas can serve as hubs for evangelistic dissemination. Like Paul’s urban strategy (e.g., Ephesus) (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America,”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

REALITY # 3 The First Generation (the immigrants) has become the largest segment of the Hispanic population ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003) ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003)

COMPARISON (2000) GenerationTotal% (in millions) (Of Hispanic Pop) (in millions) (Of Hispanic Pop) 1 st nd rd (Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003)

GENERATIONAL SHIFTS In mid 20 th century, 3 rd + generation was dominant & had deepest roots in U.S. culture By 1990, 1 st generation became the largest segment of Hispanic population

PROJECTIONS Generation %% %% 1 st nd rd Until 2020 the 1 st generation will be the largest 2. The 3 rd generation will remain about one third 3. From 2020 on, the 2 nd generation will be the largest

REALITY # 4 The use of the Spanish language has increased in the past two decades ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003) ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003)

SPANISH BY GENERATIONS Gen SpanishBilingualEnglish Gen SpanishBilingualEnglish DominantDominant DominantDominant 1 st 72%24%4% 2 nd 7%47%46% 2 nd 7%47%46% 3 rd+ 0%22%78%

EVANGELISTIC CHALLENGES 1. Reaching the immigrant generation primarily utilizing the Spanish language 2. Reaching the 2 nd and 3 rd generation with bi-lingual and English-dominant strategies

REALITY # 5 Regarding educational attainment, the 2 nd and 3 rd generations have made significant strides yet the 1 st generation lags behind ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003) ( Source: Pew Hispanic Center, Roberto Suro and Jeffery S. Passel, The Rise of the Second Generation, October, 2003)

EDUCATION (Age 25 to 64) GenLess thanHigh SchoolSome College High School Graduate College Graduate 1 st 54%24%13%9% 2 nd 23%33%29%15% 3 rd 25%35%27%13%

EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGE 1. Providing GED opportunities for Hispanic youth and adults 2. Encouraging Hispanic young people to complete their high school education 3. Encouraging 2 nd and 3 rd generation Hispanics to avail themselves of existing educational programs in universities and seminaries

DUAL CHALLENGE 4. Making provision for entry-level 1 st generation Hispanics who are called to ministry 5. There is a desperate need SBC educational institutions to work together to build ramps which start at the entry level but continue on to baccalaureate and graduate levels

REALITY # 6 Hispanics are showing more receptivity to the evangelical message than ever before in the history of this country

Religious Preference Country Catholic Evangelical Mexico 76%16% Puerto Rico 55%29% Central America 51%29% South America 70%18% Cuba 64%20% Dominican 74%15% All Other 46%38% (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

GREELEY’S STUDY “23 percent of the Hispanic population now identifies with Evangelical & Protestant denominations” [i] Andrew Greeley, “Defection Among Hispanics,” America (July 30, 1988).61.

PEW’S STUDY 20 percent of Hispanics are “Evangelical or Born Again” 9 percent are “Other Christian” Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos, December 2002, 53.

Latest PEW Study More than 50% of Hispanics are seeking a more direct and personal relationship with God than what they find in their traditional religious practices Pew Hispanic Center, “Changing Faiths: Latinos and Transformation of American Religion.” 2007

EVANGELISTIC IMPLICATIONS The Hispanic fields are white unto harvest The religious background of many Hispanics favorably predisposes them to the evangelical message if it is presented in a positive, sensitive way Most of our church members need to be trained on how to share the good news with Roman Catholic friends.

MISSIONARY IMPLICATIONS Because of their bi-lingual and bi-cultural background (like the Apostle Paul), Hispanics can be among the most effective missionaries in highly strategic parts of the world. Missions education which stresses the positive aspects of Hispanic identity is urgently needed

Strategies Evangelism Evangelism A. Friendship Evangelism A. Friendship Evangelism B. Positive Evangelism B. Positive Evangelism Church Planting Church Planting A. House Churches A. House Churches B. Cell-based Churches B. Cell-based Churches

REALITY # 7 Hispanics are typically very conservative regarding social values

FAMILY VALUES A strong attachment to family is evident among Hispanics who predominantly speak English and are generations removed from the immigrant experience A majority of Hispanics maintain that children growing in the US will stay close to their families (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos) (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

FAMILY VALUES “For Hispanics political concerns reflect the fact that they are more likely to be married and have children than other Americans” Source: William Frey, Demographer, Brookings Institution.

FAMILY VALUES “Leading Hispanics to a personal faith in Christ and discipling them could contribute to the strengthening of the moral and religious values that are needed in our country today.” Source: Daniel R. Sanchez.

REALITY # 8 2 nd and 3 rd generation Hispanics have made significant strides financially yet typically newly arrived Hispanics have the most difficult time financially

Household Income Hispanics Foreign-Born Native-Born Foreign-Born Native-Born >30,000 57%37% 30,000-49,000 20%28% 50, %27% Don’t Know 12%09% (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

Occupation Hispanics Foreign-Born Native-Born Foreign-Born Native-Born White-Collar31%69% Blue-Collar65%28% Other 03%03%

Financial Resources Financial Resources Hispanics have great economic potential Fuente:Felipe Korzenny, Betty Ann Korzenny, Hispanic Marketing: A Cultural Perspective (NY: Elsevier, 2005, 19)

Purchasing Power The purchasing power of Hispanics will grow from: The purchasing power of Hispanics will grow from: One trillion in 2008 One trillion in 2008 to to 2.5 trillion in trillion in 2020

Observations 1 st Generation Hispanics who do not speak English are more likely to have lower incomes, to rent living quarters, to have financial difficulties, and to avoid using bank accounts 2 nd Generation Hispanics and those who speak English or are bilingual are more likely to have higher incomes Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

Observations Among Hispanics, socio- economic levels are becoming more significant in establishing distinctions than national origin. Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

IMPLICATIONS Utilizing needs as the point of entry could lead to the conversion to Christ of untold numbers of Hispanics.

REALITY # 9 Hispanic Americans are the group with the largest percentage of children and young people

HISPANIC MEDIAN AGE (26.9) HISPANIC MEDIAN AGE (26.9) Source: Current Population Survey, March 2000

YOUTH “In this decade, births have overtaken immigration as the largest source of Hispanic growth.” Source: D’vera Cohn, Washington Post

YOUTH “One in five people under the age of 18 is Hispanic.” Source: D’vera Cohn, Washington Post

GOSPEL RECEPTIVITY Hispanic children and youth are more receptive to the Evangelical Message than their parents Source: Pew Hispanic Center, 2002 National Survey of Latinos, 53.

“Hispanic Churches In American Public Life” Pew Center & Notre Dame U. Affiliation 1 ST Generation 2 nd Generation 3 rd Generation Catholic74%72%62% Evangelical15%20%29%

REALITY # 10 Hispanics have a great deal in common with one another yet there is significant diversity among them

Percent Distribution of Hispanics by Type: 2002 Percent Distribution of Hispanics by Type: 2002 Source: Current Population Survey, March 2002, PGP-5

Observations Hispanics are neither monolithic nor a hodgepodge of distinct national origin groups This common culture shares a diversity of views that is most evident in the contrasts between immigrant and native born They share a range of attitudes and experiences that set them apart from the non-Hispanic population (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos)

Assimilation Stage Diversity Gen. Outside Contacts Language Contacts Language 1st Few Spanish 2nd Some Bilingual (Spanish dominant) 3rd Many Bilingual (English dominant) 4th Most English (only)

Assimilation & Church Planting Gen. Outside Church Contacts Language Culture Contacts Language Culture 1st Few Spanish Hispanic 2nd Some Bilingual Bicultural (Spanish dominant) (Hispanic dominant) (Spanish dominant) (Hispanic dominant) 3rd Many Bilingual Bicultural (English Dominant) (Anglo Dominant) (English Dominant) (Anglo Dominant) 4th Most English Anglo

CONCLUSIONS 1. Overall findings suggest the need for new ways of thinking and strategizing regarding the Hispanic population in this country (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

CONCLUSIONS 2. Newly arrived immigrants are bringing new energy to Spanish and to attitudes shaped in Latin America. This has significant implications for evangelism and church planting among Hispanics. (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

CONCLUSIONS 3. Two processes – assimilation and immigration – are taking place side-by- side in the Hispanic communities, often within a single family (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

CONCLUSIONS 4. The vast and widespread growth of America’s Hispanic population also signals new forms of growth and new areas of settlement across the nation’s metropolitan landscape (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America, ”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center) (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America, ”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

CONCLUSIONS 5. These Hispanic population trends seem to follow discernable pathways likely to carry into the future and should be taken into account in the development of strategic plans. (Source: Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos

CONCLUSIONS 6. The need for mission strategists to adapt quickly to vast change presents special challenges in metro areas that started with miniscule Hispanic populations and that experienced sudden, substantial growth. (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America, ”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

CONCLUSIONS 7. Mission strategists responsible for planning the allocation of services and resources need to tailor their decision- making to the particular growth variation in their ministry area (Source: “Latino Growth in Metropolitan America, ”The Brookings Institution Center on Urban & Metropolitan Policy and the Pew Hispanic Center)

IMPLICATIONS 1. For Evangelism? 2. For Church Planting? 3. For Penetrating The Culture? 4. For Leadership Training/ Resource Development?

THE HISPANIC CHALLENGE HOW WILL YOU RESPOND HOW WILL YOU RESPOND TO THIS CHALLENGE?

Resources To obtain additional copies of this presentation of purchase the book Hispanic Realities Impacting America visit the Church Starting Network website You may contact Dr. Sanchez through his address Or call