How do rivers affect the development of a civilization/city? What do the three rivers mean to the city of Pittsburgh? How have the three rivers affected the development of Pittsburgh?
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Landscape 12,000 years ago: Swampland –Egypt Today: Mostly desert Geographical Factor: Nile River. –Fostered one of the earliest and richest civilizations.
About the Nile River The longest river in the world –4,160 miles Flows from South to North. Forms a large delta –Empties into the Mediterranean Sea.
The Nile Fosters Civilization Flow: S to N allows people to move goods upland (North) Winds: blew from N to S off of the Med. Sea –allows boats to sail Southward
The Nile Fosters Civilization Nile River: Linked all parts of Nile Valley. –Pathway of travel/trading of goods and ideas. –Helped Ancient Egyptians unite into one kingdom.
Flooding: caused by heavy summer rains. –Left rich and fertile soil deposits. Farmers plan work around annual floods –Harvest crops before flood. –Large crop yields = population growth. *Climate: Sunny and frost free. ~ Easy to grow crops. The Nile and Early Civilization
The Nile Valley Location: surrounded by desert and sea. –natural protection against invaders. –Built unique culture Isthmus of Suez: broke the natural barriers. –Land bridge between Africa and Asia –Route for trade with Middle East
Early Steps Toward Civilization Hunter-gatherers: 12,000 B.C. By 3,000 BC: important steps toward civilization. –Developed farming communities. –Created Tools: Copper/Bronze. –Developed a writing system.
Hieroglyphics ~ More than 600 signs and pictures- represent words and sounds. ~Carved into stone. ~Later written on papyrus.
Papyrus ~Plant found in the Nile marshes ~Cut into slices and pressed together. ~Written on with ink.
Rosetta Stone ~Translated Hieroglyphics –discovered by French soldiers in 1799 ~Passages carved in Greek, Hieroglyphics and Demotic. ~Eyewitness account of Egyptian history.