Newton's First Law of Motion Grade 6 Unit 1 : Lesson #1 What is science? Grade 6 Unit 1 : Lesson #1 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc.

Newton's First Law of Motion What you’ll learn Vocabulary: Science Scientific theory Scientific law System Life Science Earth Science Physical science Technology Define science and identify questions which science cannot answer. Compare scientific theories and scientific laws. Understand a system and its components. Identify the three main branches of science. Why it is important? Science is used to learn more about the world we live in. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc.

Newton's First Law of Motion Science Science is a way of discovering and learning more about the natural world. One of the best ways to learn science is to look around and ask questions about what you see. The word science comes from the Latin “scientia”, meaning “knowledge”. According to the Merriam-Webster’s dictionary we can define science as the knowledge attained through study or practice, or knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method. How does a telephone work? 3 3 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 3

Try this! What is science? Newton's First Law of Motion Try this! What is science? A way of discovering more about the natural world. Using scientific knowledge to make products which people can use. It is a learning that can answer scientific questions. A and C None of the above. Answer: D Answer: D Reason: Science is a way of discovering more about the natural world. It is the learning and research that answers scientific questions 4 4 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 4

Newton's First Law of Motion Science Although science attempts to answer many questions about our natural world, there are questions that science cannot answer. Questions about politics, art, morality, and personal preference cannot be answered by science. Science cannot tell who you should vote, what a poem means or which dress you have to choose. 5 5 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 5

Newton's First Law of Motion Science Science can answer a question with the information available at that time only. Answers given by science is uncertain because people would never know everything about the world. With new knowledge, people might realize that old explanations no longer fit the new information. Some observations force scientists to look at old ideas and think of new explanations. Only possible explanations can be provided by Science. Possible Outcomes Explanation still possible Explanation modified Explanation discarded New possible explanation Question One explanation New Information 6 6 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 6

Try this! Why can’t science answer questions with certainty? Newton's First Law of Motion Try this! Why can’t science answer questions with certainty? Answer: Answers given by science is uncertain because people would never know everything about the world. Answer: Answers given by science is uncertain because people would never know everything about the world. 7 7 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 7

Newton's First Law of Motion Scientific theory A scientific theory is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. A scientific theory must be supported by results obtained from investigations and observations as they are not wild guesses or a random opinion. A scientist is a person learned in science, especially natural science. (According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary) As new data becomes available, scientists can evaluate how the new data can fit a theory. If the new data does not support the theory, the theory can be modified to fit the new data better. 8 8 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 8

Try this! What is a scientific theory? It is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. It is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. Both A and B None of the above Answer: B Answer: B Reason: A scientific theory is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. Speed is the rate of change of distance with time while velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time. Speed is a scalar quantity while Velocity is a vector quantity. 9 9

Newton's First Law of Motion Scientific law A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. A scientific law does not try to explain why something happens. The explanation is given by a scientific theory. For an observation to become a scientific law, it must follow a pattern which can be observed repeatedly. A scientific law stands until someone else makes an observation that does not follow the defined pattern. For Example: The law of gravity helps us predict that an apple dropped from a small height always falls to Earth. But it does not explain the working and existence of gravity 10 10 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 10

Try this! What is a scientific law? It is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. It is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. Both A and B None of the above Answer: B Answer: B Reason: A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. 11 11

Newton's First Law of Motion Systems in Science A system is a collection of structures, cycles, and processes that interact with each other and are inter related. The structures, cycles, and processes are the parts of a system. Systems are not found just in science. For example: A school is a system with structures such as the building, tables, chairs, student, teacher, and many other things. Daily class schedules and holiday calendar are examples of cycles. Many processes are at work during the school day. Students might be asked to put away their books and papers before a test. When the test time is over, the students may be told to pass the test papers to the teacher. The structures, cycles, and processes in a system interact with one another. For example: A student’s daily schedule influences where and what time he/she starts to school. The teacher knows when the test is complete by looking at the clock. 12 12 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 12

Parts of a Whole All systems are made up of other systems. Newton's First Law of Motion Parts of a Whole All systems are made up of other systems. For example: A student is a part of the school system. The human body is a system – within the student’s body are other systems. The school is a part of the system – district, state, and national. The district is a part of a statewide school system. National State School District School System Student Human Body 13 13 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 13

Parts of a Whole All systems are made up of other systems. Newton's First Law of Motion Parts of a Whole All systems are made up of other systems. For example: A scientist might want to learn about how building constructions affects the ecosystem. Since the ecosystem has many parts, one scientist may study the effect of construction on animal life while another might study the effect on plant life. 14 14 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 14

Try this! What is a system? Answer: A system is a collection of structures, cycles, and processes that interact with each other and are inter related. Answer: A system is a collection of structures, cycles, and processes that interact with each other and are inter related. 15 15

Branches of science Science is divided into three main branches: 1. Life science 2. Earth science 3. Physical science. Each branch addresses questions related to different kinds of systems. 16 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 16

Life Science Life Science is the study of living systems and their interaction with other systems. People working in the field of healthcare understand a lot about life sciences. Doctors, nurses, medical researchers, and others focus on the systems of the human body. Examples of careers in life sciences include biologists, zookeepers, botanists, farmers, and beekeepers. 17 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 17

Earth Science Earth Science is the study of earth and the systems in space. It includes the study of weather and climate, phenomena such as volcanoes and earthquakes, rocks, soil, clouds, rivers, oceans, objects in space such as stars, and planets. They investigate how geologic features such as land and oceans are formed. Examples of careers in earth sciences include meteorologists who study weather and climate and geologists who study rocks and other geologic features. 18 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 18

Physical Science Physical science is the study of matter and energy. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter. All systems, both living and non living are made up of matter. Physical science can be further divided into two fields: Chemistry: Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. Physics: Physics is the study of energy and its ability to change matter. Examples of careers in physical science are physicists and chemists. Technicians working on X-rays and ultrasound in the medical field study physical science as they study the energy in ultrasound and X-rays and how it affects a living system. 19 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 19

Try this! Which branch of science includes the study of weather? Life Science Earth Science Physical Science None of the above Answer: B Answer: B Reason: Earth Science includes the study of weather. 20 20

Try this! What are the three main branches of science? Zoology, Botany, Biology Physics, Chemistry, Biology Life science, Earth science, Physical science Meteorology, Geology, Physics Answer: C Answer: C Reason: The three main braches of science are Life science, Earth science and Physical science 21 21

Misconception Branches in science are isolated and never overlap. Fact: Work in any branch of science often rely on information obtained from other branches. For example: To understand how heat is produced by the Sun, an Earth scientist need to know about Physical science. To study an organism’s interaction with its environment, a life scientist must know something about soil, water, rocks and the environment in which the organism lives. 22 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 22

Science and Technology Science is the learning and research that answers scientific questions and adds to the body of scientific knowledge. It has no practical use and does not help people directly unless it can be applied in some way. Technology is the practical application of science. It is also known as applied science. The study of human ear is science. Using this knowledge to develop hearing aids is technology. Hearing aid 23 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 23

Try this! What is technology? Newton's First Law of Motion Try this! What is technology? Using scientific knowledge to make products which people can use. It is also known as Applied science. It is a way of discovering and learning more about the natural world. A and C A and B Answer: E Answer: E Reason: Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge. It is also known as Applied science. 24 24 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 24

Visualization Science Technology Physical Science Life Science Newton's First Law of Motion Visualization Science Technology When applied is Physical Science Life Science Earth Science Physics Chemistry Study of Living Systems and the way they interact Study of Earth Systems and the systems in Space Study of Energy and its ability to change matter Study of matter and its interactions 25 25 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 25

Newton's First Law of Motion Summary Science is a way of discovering and learning more about the natural world. Although science attempts to answer many questions about our natural world, there are questions that science cannot answer. Questions about politics, art, morality, and personal preference cannot be answered by science. Science can answer a question with the information available at that time only. Answers given by science is uncertain because people would never know everything about the world. A scientific theory is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. 26 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 26

Newton's First Law of Motion Summary A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. A system is a collection of structures, cycles, and processes that interact with each other and are inter related. All systems are made up of other systems. Science is divided into three main branches: Life Science, Earth Science and Physical Science. 27 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 27

Newton's First Law of Motion Summary Life Science is the study of living systems and their interaction with other systems. Earth Science is the study of earth and the systems in space. Physical science is the study of matter and energy. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter. All systems, both living and non living are made up of matter. Technology is the practical application of science. It is also known as applied science. 28 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 28

Critical thinking activity Newton's First Law of Motion Critical thinking activity School cafeteria is a system? Identify the structures, cycles and processes in this system. Notes: Tables, spoons, ovens, and serving plates are some of the structures in a school cafeteria. Preparing and cooking the food form a few processes. Cycles include the different jobs a worker does during the course of a day, from cooking to serving to cleaning up afterwards. 29 29 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 29

Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment Which of the following is an example of technology? Studying optics to understand the nature and properties of light Developing hearing aids by studying the human ear Studying about the human body to understand how various organs work. Answer: B Answer: B Reason: Developing hearing aids by studying the human ear is applied science which is also known as technology. 30 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 30

Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment Compare scientific theory and scientific law. Scientific Theory Scientific Law A scientific theory is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. It does not try to explain why something happens. Answer: A scientific theory is an attempt to explain an observed repeated pattern in the natural world. A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. It does not try to explain why something happens. 31 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 31

Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment When can a scientific theory change? Answer: A scientific theory can change if new information becomes available. Answer: A scientific theory can change if new information becomes available. 32 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 32

Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment Name the different components of a system. Answer: Structures, cycles and processes that relate and interact with one another. Answer: Structures, cycles and processes that relate and interact with one another. 33 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 33

Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment Name the three main braches of science. Answer: Life science, Physical science, and Earth science. Answer: Life science, Physical science, and Earth science. 34 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 34

Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment A ______ is an explanation supported by results obtained from experiments and investigations. Scientific law Scientific theory Technology System Answer: B Answer: B Reason: A scientific theory is an explanation supported by results obtained from experiments and investigations. 35 35 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 35

Assessment Science Technology Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment Compare Science and Technology by citing an example. Science Technology Science is a way of discovering more about the natural world but does not have a practical use unless it is applied in the field of study. Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge. It helps people in their day to day chores. It is also known as applied science. Example: Study of human eye Example: Develop lenses and spectacles for clearer vision. Answer: Science is a way of discovering more about the natural world but does not have a practical use unless it is applied in the field of study. Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge. It helps people in their day to day chores. It is also known as applied science. 36 36 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 36

Assessment What describes the behavior of things in nature? Newton's First Law of Motion Assessment What describes the behavior of things in nature? Scientific theory Science Scientific law Technology Answer: C Answer: C Reason: A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature 37 37 Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. Copyright © Ed2Net Learning, Inc. 37

Assessment What does Life science deal with? Study of earth and the systems in space. Study of matter and energy. Study of living systems and their interaction with other systems. A, B and C Answer: C Answer: C Reason: Life Science is the study of living systems and their interaction with other systems 38 38

Assessment The study of matter and energy is known as ___________ Life Science Physical Science Earth Science None of the above Answer: B Answer: B Reason: The study of matter and energy is known as Physical science. 39 39

Assessment Geology and meteorology are a part of ___________ Earth Science Physical Science Life Science None of the above Answer: A Answer: A Reason: Geology and meteorology are a part of Earth Science. 40 40

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