2.3 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research Council 2.3 Operating a Transport To Deliver Propane

Consult local jurisdictions for applicable codes, standard and legal requirements This material is not an exhaustive treatment of the subject and does not preclude other procedures to enhance safe LP-gas operations This publication is not intended nor should it be construed to 1.Set forth procedures which are the general custom or practice in the propane industry 2.Establish the legal standards of care owed by propane distributors to their customers 3.Prevent the reader from using different methods to implement applicable codes, standards or legal require- ments. CETP Program Disclaimer

This training material was designed to be used as a resource only and does not replace federal, state, local, or company safety rules. The user of this material is solely responsible for the method of implementation. The Propane Education and Research Council, the National Propane Gas Association and Industrial Training Services, Inc. assume no liability for reliance on the contents of this training material. Issuance of this material is not intended to nor should it be construed as an undertaking to perform services on be- half of any party either for their protection or for the protection of third parties. CETP Program Disclaimer

2.3 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research Council Learning Aids—These margin notes are provided to help you identify sources, take precautions, or give guidance on your job. Symbols Warning: Important precaution that you should always remember when performing the identified task. Tools: This task requires special tools or procedures. PPE: This is a task that requires personal protection equipment. Paper Work or Forms: This task should be documented on your company’s forms for compliance or legal reasons. Safety Procedure: For your safety special precautions and safety guidelines apply to this task or operation of equipment. Company S.O.P. : Follow your company’s Standard Operating Practices (or Procedures). If you’re not sure of your company’s policy, check with your supervisor.

Electrical Hazard: This task involves an electrical hazard. Lockout and Tagout procedures must be followed. Explosive/Fire Hazard: This task involves a fire or explosion hazard. Use appropriate precautions. Lockout and Tagout procedures may apply. Technical Tips: This technique may be very useful as you do a task. Technical Tip The National Fire Protection Association: References to sections of the LP-Gas Codes and Standards. NFPA 54 Or NFPA 58 U.S. Department of Transportation: DOT has regulatory authority, both interstate and intrastate, over the transportation of hazardous materials. References to Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations. Department of Labor: (OSHA) administers federal employee safety and health regulations. 2.3 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research Council

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage Identifying Sources, Production Processes, & Characteristics of LP-Gases & LP-Gas Blends When working with propane, it is essential to understand what it is. In this module you will: 1.Identify the sources of LP-gases 2.Gain an understanding of the processing of LP-gases 3.Identify the properties of odorants 4.Identify differences between propane, butane and methane 5.Identify the primary LP-gases and blends

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage 1 The main source of LP-gas is crude oil-gas mixtures from actively producing natural gas and oil wells. Identifying the Sources of LP-Gases

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage Supplemental Information Supplemental Information (Presenting the Supplemental Information section of a training module is optional for instructors. No CETP exam questions are taken from Supplemental Information sections.)

(This illustration is not included in the Student Book or Instructor Guide.)

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPages 2 & 3 Tasteless, colorless and usually odorless; an odorant is added in processing Flammable, mixed with the proper amount of air Can be in solid, liquid, or vapor state Stored and transported in liquid state (except in vapor pipeline distribution systems) Readily vaporizes at atmospheric pressure at moderate ambient temperatures, greatly expanding in volume Liquid expands when heated, creating pressure in containers Propane & butane are not toxic, but may cause suffocation if air is displaced Characteristics of LP-Gases

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage 3 Ethyl mercaptan, the most common LP-gas odorant is added at a minimum rate of 1 pound per 10,000 gallons of propane Odorization helps to warn of leaks and in locating and fixing leaks, and reduces gas losses by warning of leaking pipes, fittings and storage containers NFPA 58 and DOT require that LP-gas must be odorized at a concentration in air of 1/5 of the lower flammability limit, so that gas is readily detectable by a person with a normal sense of smell. Odorants: Gas Warning Agents

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPages 3 & 4 Odorants are unpleasant, distinctive and should be readily identifiable as a gas additive They should not condense out of the gas They should not harm the gas distribution system or appliances They should not be corrosive Odorants should burn completely in the gas flame to form products that are not corrosive, irritating or toxic. Odorants: Gas Warning Agents

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage 4 Propane*Butane*Methane Specific Gravity—Liquid Specific Gravity—Vapor Boiling Point (atmospheric)-44° F31°F-260°F Ignition Temperature °F °F1150 °F Max. Flame Temp3595 °F3615 °F3400 °F Flammability, Upper9.60%8.60%14% Flammability, Lower2.15%1.55%4% Ideal Combustion Ratio24 to 131 to 110 to 1 (Parts Air to Gas) Heat Value (Cu. Ft.)2488 Btu3280 Btu~1000 Btu *Commercial Propane and Commercial Butane values from Appendix B to NFPA 58 Physical Properties: LP-Gases & Methane

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage 5 PropaneButane Vapor Pressure at any temperatureHigherLower Heat Value LowerHigher WeightLessMore 4.20 lbs/gal4.84 lbs/gal Boiling Point (atmospheric)-44° F31°F (will not supply sufficient gas for a customer at lower temperatures) Differences Between Propane and Butane

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPage 5 Commercial Propane— predominately propane and propylene HD-5 Propane— propane with maximum 5% propylene Commercial Butane— predominately butane and butylene Butane/Propane blend specifications are stated with the percentage of butane listed first. (Hint: alphabetical order) A 60/40 butane/propane blend is approximately 60% butane and 40% propane by volume. Identifying Primary LP-Gases and Blends

1.1.1 Student Book © 2004 Propane Education & Research CouncilPages 6 & 7 See If You Got the Key Points Regarding the Sources and Characteristics Of LP-Gases and LP-Gas Blends Complete the Review on Page 6. See if you are ready for the Certification Exam by checking off the performance criteria on page 7.